hunter’s sauce - News 1711

Uncover the rich hunting traditions and diverse game species of the Settat region, Morocco. Your comprehensive guide to planning your next adventure.

Settat, a region in

Uncover the rich hunting traditions and diverse game species of the Settat region, Morocco. Your comprehensive guide to planning your next adventure. Settat, a region in central Morocco, offers a unique hunting experience steeped in tradition and blessed with diverse landscapes. From rolling plains to rocky hills, the region's varied terrain supports a surprising array of game species. Let's delve into what makes Settat a compelling destination for hunters. Geographical and Natural Features for Hunting: Settat's landscape is characterized by: - Plains: Extensive agricultural plains offer excellent habitat for migratory birds and small game. - Hills and Plateaus: The foothills of the Atlas Mountains provide cover for larger game animals. - River Valleys: The Oum Er-Rbia River and its tributaries create fertile zones attracting diverse wildlife. - Semi-Arid Climate: Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters define the region, impacting animal behavior and hunting strategies. Hunter

Post: 2 July 14:09

Hunting in the CAPE BRETON Region: Discover the Local Wildlife and Hunting Seasons of the Area, Laws and Clubs

Nestled in the northeastern corner of Nova Scotia, Cape Br

Hunting in the CAPE BRETON Region: Discover the Local Wildlife and Hunting Seasons of the Area, Laws and Clubs Nestled in the northeastern corner of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, particularly hunters. Known for its rugged landscapes, dense forests, and abundant wildlife, this region offers a unique hunting experience that combines natural beauty with rich traditions. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter or a beginner, Cape Breton’s diverse terrain and thriving wildlife populations make it a must-visit destination. Geographical and Natural Features of Cape Breton for Hunting Cape Breton Island is characterized by its dramatic geography, including the Cape Breton Highlands, rolling hills, vast forests, and pristine waterways. The Cape Breton Highlands National Park, while protected from hunting, serves as a testament to the region’s ecological richness. Surrounding areas, however, are prime hunting grounds. The island’s mix of hardwood and softwood fo

Post: 8 June 22:03

Hunting in the WHITESHELL MANITOBA Region: Discover the Local Demographics and Vibrant Hunting Associations of the Area 

The Whiteshell area of Manitoba, Canada, is a hi

Hunting in the WHITESHELL MANITOBA Region: Discover the Local Demographics and Vibrant Hunting Associations of the Area The Whiteshell area of Manitoba, Canada, is a hidden gem for hunters seeking an authentic wilderness experience. Nestled within pristine forests and rugged landscapes, this region offers unparalleled opportunities to pursue big game, black bears, wolves, and more. Whether you're a seasoned hunter or planning your first trip north, the Whiteshell has something special to offer. Geographical and Natural Features of the Region from the Point of View of Hunting The Whiteshell spans over 2,700 square kilometers of boreal forest, lakes, rivers, and rocky terrain. This diverse landscape provides ideal habitats for various wildlife species. Dense tree cover and secluded areas make it perfect for stalking elusive whitetail deer, while open hydro line cuts serve as prime spots for spotting larger bucks . The remoteness of the region ensures minimal human interference, all

Post: 2 June 21:39

Hunting in the KOOTENAYS, BC: Exploring Demographics, Associations, and Clubs of the Region, Geographical characteristics, Laws and Hunting Seasons

The Kootenays region

Hunting in the KOOTENAYS, BC: Exploring Demographics, Associations, and Clubs of the Region, Geographical characteristics, Laws and Hunting Seasons The Kootenays region of British Columbia, Canada, is a hidden gem for hunters seeking an unparalleled outdoor experience. Nestled in the southeastern corner of the province, this area is defined by its dramatic landscapes and abundant wildlife, making it one of the most sought-after destinations for hunting enthusiasts. Whether you're a seasoned hunter or new to the sport, the Kootenays offers something for everyone. Geographical and Natural Features of the Region from the Point of View of Hunting The Kootenays are dominated by towering mountain ranges and pristine waterways, creating diverse ecosystems that support a wide variety of game animals. Four parallel mountain ranges—Selkirk, Monashee, Purcell, and Rocky Mountains—run through the region, with elevations ranging from approximately 800 to 3,400 meters. These rugged terrains pr

Post: 26 May 06:02

Hunting in the ALBERTA BADLANDS: A Glimpse into Seasons and Regional Traditions, Geographical characteristics, Laws, Demographics, Associations and Clubs

The Alberta Bad

Hunting in the ALBERTA BADLANDS: A Glimpse into Seasons and Regional Traditions, Geographical characteristics, Laws, Demographics, Associations and Clubs The Alberta Badlands, a rugged and untamed expanse of rolling hills, deep coulees, and fossil-rich landscapes, offers hunters an unparalleled experience. Known for its stark beauty and diverse wildlife, this region is a hidden gem for those seeking solitude, challenge, and adventure. Whether you're a seasoned hunter or new to the sport, the Alberta Badlands promises unforgettable memories amidst one of Canada's most unique terrains. Geographical and Natural Features of the Region from the Point of View of Hunting The Alberta Badlands stretch across southern Alberta, characterized by their arid climate, eroded rock formations, and sparse vegetation. This environment creates ideal conditions for spotting game, as animals are often more visible against the open terrain. The region includes areas like the Tolman Badlands Heritage Ran

Post: 23 May 11:12

Hunting in NORTHERN ALBERTA: Exploring Geographical Features of the Region, Demographics, Associations and Clubs, Laws and Seasons Hunting 

Northern Alberta is a vast, u

Hunting in NORTHERN ALBERTA: Exploring Geographical Features of the Region, Demographics, Associations and Clubs, Laws and Seasons Hunting Northern Alberta is a vast, untamed region that offers some of the most rewarding hunting experiences in Canada. With its sprawling boreal forests, expansive wetlands, and rugged terrain, this region is a haven for hunters seeking adventure and a connection with nature. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter or a newcomer, Northern Alberta’s diverse landscapes and abundant wildlife make it a premier destination for hunting enthusiasts. Geographical and Natural Features of Northern Alberta Northern Alberta is characterized by its diverse ecosystems, which include dense boreal forests, rolling hills, vast peatlands, and countless lakes and rivers. The region is part of the Canadian Shield, with a mix of coniferous and deciduous forests that provide ideal habitats for a wide range of game species. The Peace River Valley and the Athabasca River Basin are p

Post: 22 May 11:37

Oryx Hunting in Africa: A Comprehensive Guide for the Discerning <strong>Hunter</strong>

The Oryx.  A creature synonymous with the vast, arid landscapes of Africa.  Its

Oryx Hunting in Africa: A Comprehensive Guide for the Discerning Hunter The Oryx. A creature synonymous with the vast, arid landscapes of Africa. Its striking markings, formidable horns, and challenging nature make it a prized trophy for hunters seeking a true test of skill and endurance. If you're planning an Oryx hunt, this guide provides the essential information to make your trip a success. Understanding Your Quarry: Oryx Species & Habitat Several Oryx species roam the African continent, each with its unique characteristics: Gemsbok (Oryx gazella): The most common and widely hunted. Inhabits arid regions of Southern Africa (Namibia, Botswana, South Africa). Recognizable by its long, straight horns and black facial markings. East African Oryx (Oryx beisa): Found in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia). Similar in appearance to the Gemsbok, but generally smaller with slightly less pronounced markings. Scimitar-Horned Oryx (Oryx dammah): Primarily found in North Africa (Ch

Post: 8 March 23:17

Benelli Shotguns: A Legacy of Innovation for the Modern <strong>Hunter</strong>

For generations, the name Benelli has been synonymous with speed, reliability, and cuttin

Benelli Shotguns: A Legacy of Innovation for the Modern Hunter For generations, the name Benelli has been synonymous with speed, reliability, and cutting-edge design in the world of shotguns. If you're serious about hunting, you've likely considered or even own a Benelli. But how did this Italian company become a global leader, trusted by hunters in diverse environments? Let's dive into the story. The Birth of a Legend: From Motorcycles to Shotguns The Benelli story begins, surprisingly, not with firearms, but with motorcycles. In 1911, the Benelli brothers – six in total: Giuseppe, Giovanni, Francesco, Filippo, Domenico and Antonio – opened a garage in Pesaro, Italy, repairing and manufacturing motorcycle parts. After World War I, they built their first complete motorcycle in 1921. Benelli motorcycles quickly gained a reputation for performance and innovation, achieving racing success throughout the 1920s and 30s. However, in 1967, the Benelli Group, seeking diversification, turne

Post: 2 March 22:34

Beretta Ultralight: Featherweight Power for Upland Bird <strong>Hunters</strong>

For the upland bird <strong>hunter</strong>, every ounce counts.  Hours spent traversing

Beretta Ultralight: Featherweight Power for Upland Bird Hunters For the upland bird hunter, every ounce counts. Hours spent traversing fields and forests demand a shotgun that won't weigh you down. Enter the Beretta Ultralight, a 12-gauge (and occasionally 20-gauge) that redefines "carry gun" without sacrificing the performance expected from a Beretta. Why the Ultralight Stands Out: Reduced Weight, Real Impact: The Ultralight achieves its name through a meticulously engineered alloy receiver. This shaves significant weight compared to steel-framed shotguns, typically bringing the overall weight to around 6.6 pounds for a 12-gauge. This translates to less fatigue during long hunts, allowing for quicker shouldering and improved accuracy. Beretta Reliability: Don't mistake lightness for fragility. The Ultralight is still a Beretta, built with the company's renowned attention to detail and durable components. The proven Beretta action ensures reliable cycling, even in demanding fie

Post: 19 February 21:55

Wild Boar Hunting Morocco 2025: Season Dates, Best Regions, Gear, Prices & Permits

Morocco is one of North Africa’s most underrated destinations for wild boar hunting. W

Wild Boar Hunting Morocco 2025: Season Dates, Best Regions, Gear, Prices & Permits Morocco is one of North Africa’s most underrated destinations for wild boar hunting. With dense forests, rugged terrain, and a healthy boar population, the country offers driven hunts (battues) and spot-and-stalk opportunities across thousands of hectares of private and state-managed land. This guide covers everything hunters need to know: season dates, prime regions, gear, pricing, and legal requirements. --- 📅 Wild Boar Hunting Season in Morocco (2025) • Season Dates: October 1, 2025 – March 31, 2026 • Best Months: December to February (cooler weather, concentrated movement) • Hunting Days: Daily in private concessions; weekends and holidays in public zones • Bag Limit: Typically 1–2 boars per hunter per day (no trophy fees in most packages) Driven hunts require a “battue authorization” issued by the Moroccan Water and Forests Administration. --- 📍 Best Regions for Wild Boar Hunting • Rif Mou

Post: 29 October 13:11

Quail Hunting Morocco 2025: Season Dates, Best Regions, Gear & Regulations

Quail hunting in Morocco is fast-paced, affordable, and accessible. With high bird density acr

Quail Hunting Morocco 2025: Season Dates, Best Regions, Gear & Regulations Quail hunting in Morocco is fast-paced, affordable, and accessible. With high bird density across agricultural plains and rolling hills, Morocco offers consistent shooting for sportsmen looking to target Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) during peak migration. This guide covers everything hunters need to know: season dates, prime regions, hunting methods, gear, pricing, and legal requirements. --- 📅 Quail Hunting Season in Morocco (2025) • Season Dates: October 6 to January 5 • Peak Migration: Mid-October to late November • Hunting Days: Typically weekends and national holidays in public zones; up to 4 days/week in leased territories (lots amodiés) • Bag Limit: 15–20 quail per hunter per day (confirm with outfitter) Hunting outside designated dates is illegal and subject to fines or license suspension. --- 📍 Best Regions for Quail Hunting • Gharb Region (North of Rabat) Fertile plains with wheat, barley

Post: 28 October 12:54

Hunting in California offers a wide variety of opportunities for both experienced <strong>hunters</strong> and beginners. With its diverse landscapes, from mountainous re

Hunting in California offers a wide variety of opportunities for both experienced hunters and beginners. With its diverse landscapes, from mountainous regions to vast deserts, California is home to a rich variety of game species, including deer, elk, wild pig, turkey, and upland game birds. Before embarking on your hunting trip, make sure to familiarize yourself with California’s hunting regulations. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) strictly monitors hunting seasons, bag limits, and licensing. Every hunter in California is required to have a valid hunting license, and in some cases, specific tags are needed for certain species like #deerhunting and #elkhunting. The Golden State is known for its challenging #publiclandhunting opportunities, as it boasts millions of acres of public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service. Popular public hunting areas include the Mendocino National Forest, Sierra National Forest, and Los Padr

Post: 11 October 12:01

 Ultimate Guide to Hunting: Tips, Gear, and Best Practices

Discover essential hunting tips, gear recommendations, and ethical practices in our ultimate guide to hunting.

Ultimate Guide to Hunting: Tips, Gear, and Best Practices Discover essential hunting tips, gear recommendations, and ethical practices in our ultimate guide to hunting. Perfect for beginners and seasoned hunters alike! Hunting is an age-old practice that combines skill, patience, and respect for nature. Whether you're a seasoned hunter or a beginner looking to explore the outdoors, understanding the basics of hunting can significantly enhance your experience. In this guide, we’ll cover essential hunting tips, necessary gear, and best practices to ensure a successful and responsible hunt. 1. Essential Hunting Tips 1.1 Research Your Target Game Before heading out, research the type of game you plan to hunt. Different species have specific behaviors, habitats, and legal hunting seasons. Knowing these factors can increase your chances of a successful hunt. 1.2 Master Your Equipment Familiarize yourself with your hunting equipment. Whether you use firearms, bows, or traps, practicing

Post: 9 September 22:23

Hunting in Southern District (Botswana), Africa: Geographical Features, Demographics, Hunting Characteristics, Game Species, Seasons, Associations, Regulations and Tradit

Hunting in Southern District (Botswana), Africa: Geographical Features, Demographics, Hunting Characteristics, Game Species, Seasons, Associations, Regulations and Traditions. Geographical and Natural Features for Hunting The Southern District of Botswana offers diverse landscapes ideal for hunting, including the expansive Kalahari Desert and the lush Okavango Delta. The Kalahari Desert features vast sand dunes, acacia forests, and salt pans, supporting various desert-adapted species. The Okavango Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a labyrinth of lagoons, islands, and waterways, teeming with wildlife. These contrasting ecosystems make the Southern District a prime destination for hunters seeking diverse and challenging experiences. Hunters and Demographics The Southern District attracts both local and international hunters, primarily from the United States and Europe. While specific numbers are not publicly documented, the region is known for its unique wildlife and challeng

Post: 28 July 09:08

Sako 100 Rifle Review: A Modular Masterpiece for Explorers and Precision <strong>Hunters</strong>

• Introduction: A Century of Innovation
• Design Philosophy & Configura

Sako 100 Rifle Review: A Modular Masterpiece for Explorers and Precision Hunters • Introduction: A Century of Innovation • Design Philosophy & Configurations • Action System & Safety Features • Caliber Options & Barrel Swapping • Technical Specifications • Hunting Applications & Performance • Pricing & Market Availability • Pros & Cons from Real Users • Why Hunters Choose the Sako 100 • Final Verdict 🎯 Introduction: A Century of Innovation The Sako 100 is the Finnish manufacturer’s flagship rifle, launched to celebrate 100 years of Sako rifle development. It’s a bold statement of engineering, combining modular versatility, European elegance, and field-tested reliability. Designed for demanding hunters and global explorers, the Sako 100 is a premium switch-caliber platform that adapts to every game, every season, and every terrain. 🛠️ Design Philosophy & Configurations The Sako 100 is available in two distinct configurations: • Explorer Wood: Classic walnut stock with Schnabel f

Post: 26 July 20:50

Hunting Near Hluhluwe-iMfolozi: Tradition, Conservation, and Controlled Opportunities

Geography and Natural Features Near Hluhluwe-iMfolozi

Hluhluwe-iMfolozi is located

Hunting Near Hluhluwe-iMfolozi: Tradition, Conservation, and Controlled Opportunities Geography and Natural Features Near Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Hluhluwe-iMfolozi is located in northern KwaZulu-Natal and centers around South Africa’s oldest game reserve, established in 1895. The park spans approximately 96,000 hectares and features a rich mosaic of thornveld, riverine forests, open grasslands, and rolling hills. Its surrounding buffer zones—composed of private conservancies, tribal lands, and unfenced wilderness—mirror this biodiversity and provide the primary space for regulated hunting. Hunting Demographics Hunters drawn to this region typically value ethical hunting and strong conservation principles. Both local and international hunters come to experience authentic, fair-chase safaris guided by professional hunters and traditional trackers. Many visitors are seasoned sportsmen pursuing buffalo and nyala, while others come to participate in community-based programs that support rural

Post: 24 July 20:57

Hunting in Lindi Region, Tanzania: Laws and Legislation, Demographics and Geography, Hunting Seasons in Tanzania

Geographical Features in Tanzania and Lindi Area

Lindi

Hunting in Lindi Region, Tanzania: Laws and Legislation, Demographics and Geography, Hunting Seasons in Tanzania Geographical Features in Tanzania and Lindi Area Lindi Region, located in southeastern Tanzania, encompasses diverse landscapes, including coastal plains, miombo woodlands, and riverine ecosystems. The region's varied topography and habitats support a rich biodiversity, offering hunters a unique environment to pursue various game species. Demographics and Cultural Aspects of Lindi Region While specific data on the number of hunters in Lindi Region is not readily available, Tanzania's hunting industry is well-regulated, with numerous hunting concessions and licensed outfitters operating across the country. Lindi's remote and less-developed areas may attract hunters seeking unique and challenging experiences. Hunting Practices and Traditions in Lindi Region Hunting in Tanzania, including Lindi Region, is conducted under strict regulations to ensure sustainability and eth

Post: 10 July 14:03

The Spinone Italiano: A <strong>Hunter's</strong> Companion Across Continents

If you're a <strong>hunter</strong> who values versatility, stamina, and a gentle touch, th

The Spinone Italiano: A Hunter's Companion Across Continents If you're a hunter who values versatility, stamina, and a gentle touch, the Spinone Italiano deserves a place by your side. This isn't your hyper-strung, speed-demon pointer. The Spinone is a deliberate, methodical worker, equally at home in the uplands, marshes, or even retrieving waterfowl. Let's dive into what makes this breed special. Quarry: What Can the Spinone Italiano Hunt? This breed is a true generalist. The Spinone Italiano excels at hunting: Upland Birds: Pheasant, quail, grouse, woodcock. Their methodical pace and close-working style make them deadly on these birds. Waterfowl: Ducks and geese. The Spinone's dense coat and love of water make them surprisingly adept retrievers. Small Game: Rabbit and hare. Their keen nose can track these animals through dense cover. Larger Game (with limitations): In some European countries, Spinones are used to track wounded deer or wild boar. This is not their primary role

Post: 8 March 15:57

The Parson Russell Terrier: A <strong>Hunter's</strong> Compact Powerhouse

The Parson Russell Terrier (PRT) – don't mistake it for its slightly leggier cousin, the Russe

The Parson Russell Terrier: A Hunter's Compact Powerhouse The Parson Russell Terrier (PRT) – don't mistake it for its slightly leggier cousin, the Russell Terrier – is a tenacious, energetic, and purpose-bred hunting machine packed into a relatively small frame. These dogs aren't just pets; they're working partners built for the chase. What Does a Parson Russell Terrier Hunt? Originally developed in England to bolt foxes, the PRT is a versatile hunter. Here's what they excel at: Fox: This is their bread and butter. Their size and fearless nature allow them to enter dens and flush out foxes. Badger: Similar to fox hunting, PRTs can go to ground after badgers. Rats and Other Vermin: Don't underestimate their ratting abilities. They're quick, agile, and have a high prey drive. Squirrels & Small Game: In some regions, they're used to flush squirrels, rabbits, and other small game from cover. Above Ground: Despite excelling underground, they are very good at above ground hunting. W

Post: 1 March 01:07

Hunting Seasons in KOLI NATIONAL PARK: Full Season Calendar, Licensing Information, Key Regulations and Restrictions 

Koli National Park, nestled in the rugged landscape

Hunting Seasons in KOLI NATIONAL PARK: Full Season Calendar, Licensing Information, Key Regulations and Restrictions Koli National Park, nestled in the rugged landscapes of eastern Finland, offers hunters a unique blend of challenging terrain and abundant wildlife. The park’s dense forests, rolling hills, and pristine lakes create an ideal habitat for moose, deer, grouse, and waterfowl, making it a sought-after destination for both local and international hunters. However, Finland’s strict hunting regulations ensure that wildlife populations remain sustainable, meaning hunters must carefully follow seasonal restrictions, licensing requirements, and ethical hunting practices. Understanding Hunting Seasons in Koli National Park Finland’s hunting calendar is structured around the natural cycles of its wildlife, with seasons adjusted annually based on population studies conducted by the Finnish Wildlife Agency. In Koli National Park, the hunting periods are influenced by the region’s

Post: 19 August 10:31

Hunting Seasons in KUUSAMO: Key Dates, Optimal Hunting Periods, Vital Regulations, Licensing Process and Requirements

Nestled in Finnish Lapland, Kuusamo offers <strong>

Hunting Seasons in KUUSAMO: Key Dates, Optimal Hunting Periods, Vital Regulations, Licensing Process and Requirements Nestled in Finnish Lapland, Kuusamo offers hunters pristine wilderness and regulated hunting opportunities. This region, known for its forests, lakes, and diverse wildlife, attracts hunters worldwide. Understanding the specific hunting seasons and regulations is crucial for both local and international hunters planning their Kuusamo adventure. General Rules and Hunting Periods in Kuusamo The hunting calendar in Kuusamo runs from late August to February, depending on the game species. The Finnish Wildlife Agency sets these dates based on ecological research. For instance, moose hunting typically opens on August 20th and ends on September 30th, while small game hunting can start as early as August 10th. Kuusamo's northern location and subarctic climate create unique conditions compared to southern Finland. The shorter growing season means animals mature later, affecti

Post: 14 August 16:07

Hunting Territory of NABEUL: Localized Strategy and Hunting Behavior in Tunisia, Demographics and Laws

Natural Composition and Terrain Influence in the Nabeul

Nabeul oc

Hunting Territory of NABEUL: Localized Strategy and Hunting Behavior in Tunisia, Demographics and Laws Natural Composition and Terrain Influence in the Nabeul Nabeul occupies a strategic northeastern peninsula of Tunisia, framed by the Mediterranean on both sides and shaped by fertile plains, forested hills, and a mild Mediterranean climate. This combination supports a varied ecosystem ideal for bird migration, small game, and select mammal species. The landscape is divided between cultivated citrus groves, cork oak woods in the forested Kroumirie extension, and saltwater lagoons such as Sebkhet Soliman. Demographic of Active Hunters in Tunisia Nabeul supports a relatively dense community of licensed hunters, with an especially active population around Grombalia, Hammamet, and Soliman. The demographic here skews younger than in rural southern Tunisia, with a strong presence of organized hunters who maintain club memberships, participate in training sessions, and invest in quality

Post: 4 August 09:33

Hunting in Namibe, Angola: Natural Features, Wildlife, Regulations, Hunting Periods, Traditions, Interesting Facts and Clubs 

Namibe, a rugged and diverse region in sout

Hunting in Namibe, Angola: Natural Features, Wildlife, Regulations, Hunting Periods, Traditions, Interesting Facts and Clubs Namibe, a rugged and diverse region in southern Angola, offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its dramatic landscapes and rich wildlife. From the arid coastal deserts to the lush inland valleys, this area attracts hunters seeking both challenge and adventure. Here’s what you need to know before planning your expedition. Geographical Features for Hunting Namibe’s terrain varies from desert plains to mountainous highlands, creating ideal habitats for a variety of game species. The region’s semi-arid climate supports hardy wildlife adapted to harsh conditions, while river valleys and plateaus provide pockets of dense vegetation. The contrasting ecosystems make it a prime location for tracking different animals across challenging environments. Hunters and Demographics While exact numbers of active hunters in Namibe are scarce, the region sees a m

Post: 29 July 12:13

Hunting in Lunda Sul, Angola: Geography, Game Species, Hunting Styles, Season Dates and Local Associations 

Lunda Sul, a province in northeastern Angola, offers a unique

Hunting in Lunda Sul, Angola: Geography, Game Species, Hunting Styles, Season Dates and Local Associations Lunda Sul, a province in northeastern Angola, offers a unique hunting experience with its vast wilderness, diverse wildlife, and rich traditions. Known for its dense woodlands, open savannas, and riverine ecosystems, this region attracts hunters seeking both challenge and adventure. While exact numbers of active hunters are scarce due to limited official records, the area is frequented by both local subsistence hunters and international sportsmen. Geography and Natural Features for Hunting Lunda Sul’s landscape is dominated by miombo woodlands, grassy plains, and river valleys, creating ideal habitats for a variety of game species. The region’s remoteness ensures low hunting pressure, allowing wildlife populations to thrive. The Cuanza and Cassai rivers provide essential water sources, attracting animals year-round. The terrain varies from flat expanses to rugged hills, of

Post: 29 July 09:50

Hunting in Haut-Ogooué, Gabon:  Clubs and Laws, Legislation and Seasons, All the Hunting Aspects of Gabon

Natural Features in Gabon and Haut-Ogooué Region

Haut-Ogooué,

Hunting in Haut-Ogooué, Gabon: Clubs and Laws, Legislation and Seasons, All the Hunting Aspects of Gabon Natural Features in Gabon and Haut-Ogooué Region Haut-Ogooué, located in southeastern Gabon, encompasses diverse landscapes, including tropical rainforests, savannas, and the Batéké Plateau. The Batéké Plateau National Park, established in 2002, spans over 2,034 km² and is characterized by forest-savanna mosaics, providing habitats for various wildlife species. Demographic Aspects of Haut-Ogooué While specific data on the number of hunters in Haut-Ogooué is limited, hunting remains a significant activity among rural communities. A study conducted in seven villages within the province reported that 27.9% of residents owned firearms, indicating a substantial involvement in hunting practices. Hunting Traditions in Gabon Local hunters employ various techniques, including: Firearms: Predominantly 12-gauge shotguns, used by 86.1% of hunters. Nets: Traditional nets, arranged in s

Post: 28 July 14:04

Unveiling Masindi, Uganda: Geography and Natural Features, Hunting Demographics, and Game Species Diversity

Geographical Features and Natural Landscape

Masindi, a distr

Unveiling Masindi, Uganda: Geography and Natural Features, Hunting Demographics, and Game Species Diversity Geographical Features and Natural Landscape Masindi, a district nestled in western Uganda, is celebrated for its breathtaking landscapes and diverse ecosystems, making it a paradise for hunters seeking unforgettable experiences. The varied topography, including rolling hills and wetlands, supports a rich biodiversity, making Masindi an ideal location for various types of hunting adventures. Demographics and Hunting Community Masindi is home to a vibrant mix of indigenous tribes and modern settlers, contributing to a rich cultural tapestry. While the exact number of active hunters in the region is not well-documented, the local community has a long-standing tradition of hunting for sustenance and cultural practices. The hunting community in Masindi is passionate and diverse, comprising both local enthusiasts and international visitors. This mix of experienced hunters and novic

Post: 26 July 08:56

Hunting in the Waterberg: Geography and Natural Features, Hunting Demographics, and Game Species Diversity

Geography and Nature

The Waterberg region in Limpopo is a sce

Hunting in the Waterberg: Geography and Natural Features, Hunting Demographics, and Game Species Diversity Geography and Nature The Waterberg region in Limpopo is a scenic highland plateau of rugged hills, open bushveld, and tranquil river valleys. Located just a few hours from Johannesburg, it’s easily accessible yet offers a remote, wild atmosphere. The area is malaria-free and characterized by rocky ridges, savanna woodlands, and diverse ecosystems that support a broad array of game. Hunting Demographic data Waterberg attracts a mix of international trophy hunters, family groups, and South African locals. Many hunters travel here for its combination of high-quality game, ethical fair-chase opportunities, and luxurious accommodations. It’s also a popular choice for first-time safari hunters thanks to its accessibility, safety, and professional outfitters. Hunting Characteristics in the Waterberg Hunting in Waterberg is primarily conducted on large, privately-owned conservancies

Post: 25 July 19:53

Hunting in North-East District (Botswana): Features, Types of Hunting, Species, Hunting Seasons, Clubs, Legislation, Traditions.

Geographical and Natural Features for Hu

Hunting in North-East District (Botswana): Features, Types of Hunting, Species, Hunting Seasons, Clubs, Legislation, Traditions. Geographical and Natural Features for Hunting The North-East District of Botswana is a unique hunting destination, characterized by lush riverine forests along the Chobe River and vast mopane woodlands. This biologically diverse region borders Zimbabwe and includes parts of the Chobe National Park buffer zone. The district's fertile floodplains and teak forests support exceptional populations of specialized antelope species, with prime hunting areas concentrated near Kasane and the Pandamatenga woodlands. Hunters and Demographics Exact numbers of active hunters in the North-East District are not publicly documented, but Botswana's Department of Wildlife and National Parks issues approximately 200-250 hunting licenses annually for the region. The majority of hunters are international visitors (primarily from Zimbabwe and South Africa), with a smaller conti

Post: 25 July 14:43

Hunting in Johannesburg: Geography, Hunting Associations, and Ethical Access to Game

Geography and Natural Setting in Johannesburg

Johannesburg, South Africa’s economic

Hunting in Johannesburg: Geography, Hunting Associations, and Ethical Access to Game Geography and Natural Setting in Johannesburg Johannesburg, South Africa’s economic powerhouse, is a dense urban environment with little to no natural hunting grounds. However, its central location offers quick access to surrounding provinces like Limpopo, North West, and the Free State. These nearby regions host a variety of game farms and private hunting lands, making Johannesburg a key administrative and logistical hub for hunters traveling to the bush. Hunting Population structure The hunting community in Johannesburg includes a mix of first-time hunters, experienced professionals, families, youth participants, and international safari enthusiasts. Due to the city’s strict firearm regulations and lack of public game areas, most hunters are affiliated with formal associations or clubs that offer structure, legal support, and access to ethical hunting opportunities. Hunting Specifics Johannesbu

Post: 24 July 11:02

Hunting in Kibaale Region, Uganda: Associations and Clubs, Traditions and Interesting facts

Associations and Clubs for <strong>Hunters</strong>

While there is no specif

Hunting in Kibaale Region, Uganda: Associations and Clubs, Traditions and Interesting facts Associations and Clubs for Hunters While there is no specific information on hunting associations and clubs in the Kibaale region, Uganda has several organizations dedicated to wildlife conservation and hunting management. The Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) manages the country’s national parks and reserves, including Kibale National Park. The authority works in partnership with local communities and international organizations to ensure the sustainable management of wildlife resources. Hunters are encouraged to support these initiatives by adhering to ethical hunting practices and contributing to local conservation efforts. Laws and hunting seasons Hunting in Uganda is governed by strict laws and regulations to ensure the sustainability of wildlife populations. The Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) issues hunting licenses and permits, and hunters must adhere to specific hunting seasons and ba

Post: 23 July 13:32

Springbok Safaris in the Free State: Flat Terrain, Trophy Rams, and Cultural Hunting Heritage

Geography and Natural Features

The Free State province is characterized by

Springbok Safaris in the Free State: Flat Terrain, Trophy Rams, and Cultural Hunting Heritage Geography and Natural Features The Free State province is characterized by expansive grasslands, gentle hills, and a dry interior climate—perfect for South Africa’s national animal, the springbok. Its open plains offer excellent visibility, but the lack of cover challenges hunters to rely on stealth, long-range marksmanship, and patience. Key hunting zones include areas around Bloemfontein, Philippolis, and Bethulie, where thornveld patches and rocky outcrops provide strategic vantage points for glassing and stalking. Hunting Population The Free State is one of South Africa’s most accessible and popular plains game destinations. It draws: Local hunters, especially from Gauteng and surrounding provinces, for affordable weekend safaris International hunters from Europe and North America seeking quality game, reliable infrastructure, and professional service Its reputation as a top plains ga

Post: 21 July 19:04

Hunting in Buhweju, Uganda: Geography and Natural Features, Hunting Demographics, and Game Species Diversity (Part II)

Laws and Hunting Seasons in Buhweju

Hunting in Bu

Hunting in Buhweju, Uganda: Geography and Natural Features, Hunting Demographics, and Game Species Diversity (Part II) Laws and Hunting Seasons in Buhweju Hunting in Buhweju is governed by strict regulations to ensure the sustainability of wildlife populations. The Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) oversees hunting activities and issues permits for both local and international hunters. It is essential to obtain the necessary permits before embarking on a hunting expedition. Permits Required: Even subsistence hunters must follow UWA guidelines and obtain permits for their activities. This ensures that hunting is conducted in a sustainable manner and helps to prevent overexploitation of wildlife resources. Restricted Seasons: While there is no formal trophy hunting season, bushmeat hunting is informally regulated by local authorities. Hunters must adhere to these regulations to ensure that wildlife populations are maintained for future generations. Banned Practices: Poaching endangere

Post: 16 July 14:04

Hunting in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania: Clubs, Laws and Legislation. Find out about Demographics of Tanzania

Natural Aspects and Geographical facts about Shinyanga Tanzan

Hunting in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania: Clubs, Laws and Legislation. Find out about Demographics of Tanzania Natural Aspects and Geographical facts about Shinyanga Tanzania Shinyanga Region, situated in northwestern Tanzania, spans approximately 50,781 km². The terrain is predominantly flat with scattered acacia woodlands and open savannas, providing ideal habitats for various game species. The region's climate is semi-arid, characterized by a single rainy season from October to May, which influences wildlife movement and hunting conditions. Statistics, Hunters and Demographics in Tanzania As of the 2022 census, Shinyanga Region has a population of approximately 1.5 million people. The region is predominantly rural, with communities traditionally engaged in agriculture and livestock keeping. While specific data on the number of hunters is not readily available, the region's rural communities and rich wildlife suggest a presence of both local and visiting hunters. Hunting Practices

Post: 14 July 12:13

Hunting in Mityana Region, Uganda: Wildlife, Traditions, Rules, and Exceptional Hunting Opportunities 

Mityana, a region in central Uganda, is often overlooked by intern

Hunting in Mityana Region, Uganda: Wildlife, Traditions, Rules, and Exceptional Hunting Opportunities Mityana, a region in central Uganda, is often overlooked by international hunters seeking big game adventures, but it offers a unique hunting experience with its diverse landscapes, rich wildlife, and growing hunting tourism sector. Whether you're interested in big game hunting or small game hunting, Mityana provides hunters with a range of opportunities. This comprehensive guide will delve into the geographical features, wildlife, hunting seasons, regulations, and more in Mityana to help you plan your next hunting safari in this promising Ugandan region. Geographical Features of Mityana: Ideal Terrain for Hunting Mityana, in central Uganda, borders Mubende, Kampala, and Nakaseke. Its landscape combines savannah, wetlands, and forests, offering diverse hunting terrain. Open savannah suits large game, while forests and wetlands challenge small game and bird hunters. The tropical cli

Post: 11 July 14:09

Hunting in Zou: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled in central Benin, the

Hunting in Zou: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled in central Benin, the Zou region offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural traditions. Known for its rolling hills, dense forests, and fertile valleys, Zou is a haven for hunters seeking adventure and connection with nature. This article provides a detailed guide to hunting in Zou, covering its geography, demographics, game species, seasons, regulations, traditions, and fascinating facts. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Exploring the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Zou The Zou region spans approximately 5,243 square kilometers and is characterized by its varied ecosystems, making it an ideal destination for hunters. Key geographical features include: Rolling Hills : These elevated terrains provide vantage points for spotting game and planning strategic hunts. Dense Forests : The re

Post: 11 July 09:37

Hunting in Plateau: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled in central Benin,

Hunting in Plateau: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled in central Benin, the Plateau region offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural traditions. Known for its rolling hills, dense forests, and fertile valleys, Plateau is a hidden gem for hunters seeking adventure and connection with nature. This article provides a detailed guide to hunting in Plateau, covering its geography, demographics, game species, seasons, regulations, traditions, and fascinating facts. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Exploring the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Plateau The Plateau region spans approximately 3,264 square kilometers and is characterized by its varied ecosystems, making it an ideal destination for hunters. Key geographical features include: Rolling Hills : These elevated terrains provide vantage points for spotting game and planning strategic

Post: 11 July 06:32

Hunting in Ouémé: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled in southeastern Ben

Hunting in Ouémé: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled in southeastern Benin, the Ouémé region offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural traditions. Known for its lush forests, expansive wetlands, and proximity to Lake Nokoué, Ouémé is a haven for hunters seeking adventure and connection with nature. This article provides a detailed guide to hunting in Ouémé, covering its geography, demographics, game species, seasons, regulations, traditions, and fascinating facts. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Exploring the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Ouémé The Ouémé region spans approximately 2,045 square kilometers and is characterized by its varied ecosystems, making it an ideal destination for hunters. Key geographical features include: Lake Nokoué : This large freshwater lake is a hotspot for waterfowl hunting, attracting migratory birds

Post: 10 July 09:04

Hunting in Mono: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled in southwestern Beni

Hunting in Mono: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled in southwestern Benin, the Mono region offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its lush forests, coastal wetlands, and rich biodiversity. Known for its proximity to Togo and the Atlantic Ocean, Mono is a hidden gem for hunters seeking adventure and connection with nature. This article provides a detailed guide to hunting in Mono, covering its geography, demographics, game species, seasons, regulations, traditions, and fascinating facts. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Exploring the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Mono The Mono region spans approximately 1,365 square kilometers and is characterized by its varied ecosystems, making it an ideal destination for hunters. Key geographical features include: Coastal Wetlands : These marshy areas are teeming with waterfowl, making them ideal for bird hunting. Mangrove Forests : Dense mangrove

Post: 10 July 06:47

Nechisar National Park Hunting: Your Ultimate Guide to Spectacular Geography, Prime Hunting Seasons, and Timeless Traditions – Discover Ethiopia’s Natural Treasures

Nech

Nechisar National Park Hunting: Your Ultimate Guide to Spectacular Geography, Prime Hunting Seasons, and Timeless Traditions – Discover Ethiopia’s Natural Treasures Nechisar National Park, located in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia, is a unique destination for hunters seeking a blend of adventure and natural beauty. This article delves into the key aspects of Nechisar National Park hunting, from geography to legislation, providing actionable insights for both novice and seasoned hunters. Geographical and Natural Features Nechisar National Park spans approximately 514 square kilometers and is situated between the Abaya and Chamo lakes. The park's diverse ecosystems include savannah grasslands, acacia woodlands, and riverine forests. The "Bridge of God," an isthmus separating the two lakes, offers stunning views and unique hunting opportunities. The park's terrain is relatively flat, making it accessible for hunters. The presence of water bo

Post: 10 July 06:39

Hunting in Kigoma Region, Tanzania: Laws and Legislation, Demographics and Demography, Geography of Tanzania
Geographical and Natural Features of Kigoma Region

Kigoma Re

Hunting in Kigoma Region, Tanzania: Laws and Legislation, Demographics and Demography, Geography of Tanzania Geographical and Natural Features of Kigoma Region Kigoma Region, located in western Tanzania, borders Lake Tanganyika and encompasses diverse terrains, including the Mahale Mountains and extensive woodlands. The region's varied topography, ranging from lake shores to mountainous areas, provides habitats for a wide array of game species, making it a notable area for hunting activities. Hunters and Demographics in Kigoma While specific data on the number of hunters in Kigoma Region is not readily available, Tanzania's hunting industry is well-regulated, with numerous hunting concessions and licensed outfitters operating across the country. Kigoma's remote and less-developed areas may attract hunters seeking unique and challenging experiences. Hunting Practices and Traditions in Tanzania Hunting in Tanzania, including Kigoma Region, is conducted under strict regulations to en

Post: 10 July 06:12

Hunting in Donga: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled in northern Benin,

Hunting in Donga: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled in northern Benin, the Donga region offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural traditions. Known for its rugged terrain, dense forests, and proximity to the Pendjari National Park, Donga is a haven for hunters seeking adventure and connection with nature. This article provides a detailed guide to hunting in Donga, covering its geography, demographics, game species, seasons, regulations, traditions, and fascinating facts. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Exploring the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Donga The Donga region spans approximately 10,691 square kilometers and is characterized by its varied ecosystems, making it an ideal destination for hunters. Key geographical features include: Dense Forests : These woodlands are home to small mammals like duikers, monkeys, and bushbucks

Post: 9 July 06:18

Hunting in Arusha, Tanzania: Laws and Legislation, Demographics, Clubs, Geographic Information for <strong>Hunters</strong>

Natural Features for Hunting in Arusha Region

Hunting in Arusha, Tanzania: Laws and Legislation, Demographics, Clubs, Geographic Information for Hunters Natural Features for Hunting in Arusha Region in Tanzania Arusha, located in northern Tanzania, is a prime hunting destination due to its diverse landscapes, including savannas, montane forests, and the foothills of Mount Meru. The region borders the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Conservation Area, providing rich wildlife habitats. Key hunting areas include Masailand and the Rift Valley, offering varied terrains from open plains to dense bush. Demographics and other Aspects of Arusha Region Exact numbers of hunters in Arusha are not publicly documented, but Tanzania issues around 1,000 hunting licenses annually, with a significant portion allocated to Arusha’s concessions. Most hunters are international visitors (primarily from the U.S., Europe, and Russia), while local hunting participation is limited due to high costs and regulatory restrictions. Hunting Specifics in Tanzani

Post: 8 July 09:29

Hunting in Couffo: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled in southwestern Be

Hunting in Couffo: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled in southwestern Benin, the Couffo region offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its lush forests, rolling hills, and abundant wildlife. Known for its rich biodiversity and cultural traditions, Couffo is a hidden gem for hunters seeking adventure and connection with nature. This article provides a detailed guide to hunting in Couffo, covering its geography, demographics, game species, seasons, regulations, traditions, and fascinating facts. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Exploring the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Couffo The Couffo region spans approximately 2,404 square kilometers and is characterized by its diverse ecosystems, making it an ideal destination for hunters. Key geographical features include: Dense Forests : These woodlands provide cover for small mammals like duikers, monkeys, and bushbucks, creating opportunities

Post: 8 July 09:07

Hunting in Collines: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled in central Benin

Hunting in Collines: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled in central Benin, the Collines region offers a unique hunting experience shaped by its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural traditions. Known for its rolling hills, dense forests, and fertile valleys, Collines is a haven for hunters seeking adventure and connection with nature. This article delves into the essential aspects of hunting in Collines, providing a detailed guide for enthusiasts. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Exploring the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Collines The Collines region spans approximately 13,934 square kilometers and is characterized by its varied ecosystems, making it an ideal destination for hunters. Key geographical features include: Rolling Hills : These elevated terrains provide vantage points for spotting game and planning strategic hunts. Dense Forests : The region’s woodlands are home

Post: 8 July 06:12

Hunting in Atlantique: A Comprehensive Guide for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1)

Nestled along the sout

Hunting in Atlantique: A Comprehensive Guide for Hunters – Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and Conservation Efforts (PART 1) Nestled along the southern coast of Benin, the Atlantique region offers a unique and diverse hunting experience. Known for its coastal wetlands, dense mangroves, and lush forests, this area is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts and hunters alike. From migratory birds to small game, Atlantique provides opportunities for both traditional and modern hunting practices. This article delves into the essential aspects of hunting in Atlantique, offering valuable insights for hunters seeking adventure in this West African gem. Geographic and Natural Features for Hunting: Understanding the Diverse Landscapes and Habitats of Atlantique The Atlantique region spans approximately 3,233 square kilometers and is characterized by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, which shapes its unique ecosystems. Key geographical features include: Coastal Wetlands : These marshy areas a

Post: 7 July 06:22

Koulikoro: West Africa’s Hidden Gem for <strong>Hunters</strong> – Exploring Savannahs, Riverine Riches, and Cultural Traditions in Mali’s Premier Hunting Region

The Kou

Koulikoro: West Africa’s Hidden Gem for Hunters – Exploring Savannahs, Riverine Riches, and Cultural Traditions in Mali’s Premier Hunting Region The Koulikoro Region, located in southwestern Mali, is a prime destination for hunters seeking diverse wildlife and varied landscapes. Known for its savannahs, forests, and proximity to the Niger River, Koulikoro offers a unique hunting experience in West Africa. This article provides a comprehensive overview of hunting in the region, covering its geography, wildlife, hunting practices, and legal framework. Nature’s Blueprint: Geographical Insights for Hunters Koulikoro is characterized by a mix of savannah, woodland, and riverine ecosystems. The Niger River, which flows through the region, supports abundant wildlife and creates fertile hunting grounds. The region’s terrain includes rolling hills, dense forests, and open grasslands, making it suitable for various types of hunting. Key hunting areas are concentrated around the Niger River and

Post: 3 July 11:39

Hunting Shorebirds in Morocco: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding the Ban on Shorebird Hunting in Morocco, Regional Variances, Relevant Laws, and the Ongoing Role of

Hunting Shorebirds in Morocco: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding the Ban on Shorebird Hunting in Morocco, Regional Variances, Relevant Laws, and the Ongoing Role of Hunting Traditions in Conservation Efforts. Geographical and natural features of the region Morocco has diverse landscapes that are important for hunting: - The Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts are key migration sites for migratory birds (ducks, geese, sandpipers). - Wetlands (Merzha-Zerga, Ued-Marsa) are the main places of accumulation of waterfowl. - Mountainous areas (Atlas, Reef) – hunting partridges, pigeons, hares. Hunters and demographics of the region - According to the Moroccan Hunting Federation, there are about 30,000 licensed hunters in the country. - Most of them are locals, but there are European hunters (especially from France and Spain). - Hunting is a part of rural culture, but its popularity is declining in cities. Features of hunting in Morocco - Migration corridors – In autumn and s

Post: 3 July 06:06

Related to request “hunter’s sauce”

UH.app — social media network and application for hunters.

© 2025 Uhapp LLC. All rights reserved.