and Discovering Local Traditions The Central Region of Ghana, located along the Atlantic coast and extending inland toward forested hills, is known for its vibrant culture, colonial history, and ecological diversity. Beyond its urban centers and tourism landmarks lies a network of rural communities where hunting has traditionally supported livelihoods and cultural identity. In Central Ghana, hunting remains both a survival activity and a link to ancestral practices—though modern conservation efforts and land use changes are reshaping its role. Geography and Natural Features of Central Ghana for Hunting Central Ghana features a mix of tropical forests, coastal savannas, wetlands, and lowland hills. Forest reserves such as the Cape Coast Forest Reserve, Assin Attandanso, and Pra Suhien provide critical habitats for a range of wildlife. Rivers like the Pra and Ankobra, along with numerous streams and seasonal wetlands, support ecosystems that have traditionally been hunting grounds. However, the encroachment of agriculture, logging, and urban development has fragmented many of these areas, affecting wildlife density and accessibility. Specificities of Hunting in Central Ghana Hunting in Central Ghana is predominantly subsistence-based, practiced by rural communities to obtain meat and sometimes income. Traditional techniques—such as traps, snares, and hunting with dogs—are still widely used. Locally crafted firearms are also employed, although subject to legal restrictions. Most hunting is done individually or in small groups and is often conducted during the early morning or evening. While commercial bushmeat hunting exists, especially near local markets, many hunters focus on personal or family use. Hunters and Demographics in Central Ghana In the Central Region, hunters are usually adult men, with young boys learning skills through family mentorship. Women typically manage meat processing, smoking, and sale in local markets. Some families have a generational tradition of hunting, and in certain communities, hunting is regarded as a respected skill and a marker of maturity. Though not organized into formal hunting associations, many communities maintain informal systems of cooperation, especially when managing access to forests or sacred sites. Types of Game and Hunting in Central Ghana Medium game: Grasscutters (cane rats), bushbuck, Maxwell’s duiker, and small antelope species are frequently hunted. Small game: Monitor lizards, squirrels, porcupines, hares, and birds such as guinea fowl and francolins. Aquatic species: Frogs, crabs, fish, and small reptiles are sometimes caught in wetlands and streams. Protected species: Pangolins, primates, and elephants are protected under Ghanaian law, though occasionally threatened by illegal poaching. Hunting Seasons in Central Ghana Hunting in Central Ghana follows the national hunting calendar established by Ghana’s Wildlife Division: Open season: 1st August to 31st December — legal hunting of non-protected species is permitted. Closed season: 1st January to 31st July — hunting is prohibited to allow animal populations to recover. Many communities also follow customary restrictions, such as abstaining from hunting during taboo days, market days, or traditional festivals that honor the land or forest spirits. Hunting Structures and Local Organization in Central Ghana Traditional leadership plays a central role in regulating hunting practices. Chiefs, elders, and spiritual leaders often manage forest access, resolve conflicts, and uphold taboos around sacred groves. In some communities, forest patches are preserved by tradition and are off-limits to hunting. Wildlife officers from the Forestry Commission patrol reserves and issue hunting licenses where applicable. NGOs and researchers sometimes collaborate with local communities on wildlife monitoring or conservation education. Hunting Legislation in Central Ghana Hunting in Central Ghana is regulated under Ghana’s Wildlife Conservation Regulations (LI 685) and subsequent updates. These laws prohibit the hunting of protected species and require licenses for legal hunting activities. Unlawful methods—such as poison, bush fires, and unauthorized firearms—are banned. Enforcement is stronger near urban centers or forest reserves but remains inconsistent in remote villages. Ongoing efforts aim to increase awareness about the laws and promote community-based conservation. Hunting Traditions in Central Ghana Hunting is deeply linked to cultural heritage in the Central Region. Among Akan and Fante communities, stories of legendary hunters and forest spirits form part of oral traditions. Rituals may be performed before hunting trips, and hunters are often respected for their knowledge of the forest. Sacred forests—believed to house ancestors or deities—are protected by strong taboos that help conserve local biodiversity. Some festivals include symbolic hunts or displays of traditional hunting attire and trophies. Interesting Facts about Hunting in Central Ghana The grasscutter is the most sought-after game and is increasingly being farmed alongside hunting. Sacred groves near Elmina, Abura, and Assin are protected by cultural taboos and serve as unofficial wildlife sanctuaries. Some communities use drum signals or animal calls during group hunting expeditions. Bushmeat remains a major component of protein intake in many rural areas, though demand is shifting in urban markets. Awareness of zoonotic disease risks linked to bushmeat is growing, influencing attitudes among younger populations. In Central Ghana, hunting remains a symbol of tradition, survival, and community identity. As the region navigates environmental change, land-use pressures, and wildlife conservation goals, the integration of traditional practices with sustainable resource management will be key.