d Diving Into Local Traditions The Bono Region, located in the middle belt of Ghana, is a land of forests, grasslands, and agricultural landscapes. Known for its historical ties to the ancient Bono Kingdom and its deep-rooted cultural heritage, the region has long embraced hunting as both a livelihood and a cultural expression. Despite increasing urbanization and the growth of alternative livelihoods, hunting remains important to many rural communities across Bono, balancing tradition, sustenance, and evolving environmental challenges. Geography and Natural Features of Bono for Hunting Bono features a diverse terrain of semi-deciduous forests, woodland savannas, and lowland hills. The region is home to forest reserves such as Bui National Park and Yaya Forest Reserve, which are key habitats for wildlife. Rivers like the Tain and Black Volta flow through parts of the region, creating rich ecosystems that support game populations. These varied landscapes offer suitable environments for both small and medium game hunting, especially in forest-fringe and rural areas. Specificities of Hunting in Bono Hunting in Bono is largely subsistence-based, though bushmeat sales in local markets remain a secondary source of income for many households. Most hunters use traditional tools—such as traps, slingshots, and hunting dogs—but the use of locally made or licensed firearms is increasing in popularity. Hunting is often practiced during the early morning or evening hours and is closely tied to the agricultural calendar, with most hunting taking place during the farming off-season. Hunters and Demographics in Bono In Bono, hunting is typically practiced by rural men, though hunting knowledge is passed from fathers and elders to younger boys through hands-on experience. Women do not usually hunt but are central to meat processing and sale. Entire families may be involved in the bushmeat value chain, especially during communal or seasonal hunts. Though not organized into formal associations, hunters often operate under local leadership, guided by traditional norms and clan boundaries. Types of Game and Hunting in Bono Medium game: Grasscutters (cane rats), bushbuck, and Maxwell’s duikers are commonly hunted. Small game: Porcupines, hares, monitor lizards, squirrels, pigeons, and guinea fowl. Aquatic and semi-aquatic species: Frogs, turtles, and catfish are harvested seasonally from rivers and swamps. Protected species: Elephants, pangolins, and primates are protected under Ghanaian law but are occasionally threatened by illegal hunting. Hunting Seasons in Bono Ghana’s Wildlife Division defines national hunting seasons, which are applicable in Bono: Open season: From 1st August to 31st December, hunting of non-protected species is legally permitted. Closed season: From 1st January to 31st July, hunting is banned to allow for wildlife regeneration and breeding. Local communities often adhere to traditional rules regarding hunting days or taboo periods, especially around sacred groves or after certain cultural ceremonies. Hunting Structures and Local Organization in Bono Although the region lacks formalized hunting unions, many communities manage hunting through traditional authorities. Chiefs, elders, and community heads may allocate hunting zones, settle disputes, and enforce customs. In some towns, communal hunting expeditions are organized during festivals or in response to crop-raiding animals. Forestry Commission officers oversee hunting within reserves and enforce permit regulations and wildlife protection laws. Hunting Legislation in Bono Ghana’s Wildlife Conservation Regulations (LI 685) govern all hunting activity, and protected species cannot be legally hunted. The use of prohibited methods such as poison, unlicensed firearms, and bush burning is banned. Hunters must operate only during the open season and may require a license in certain zones. While enforcement is stronger near national parks and towns, rural areas may still see illegal practices due to lack of awareness or enforcement presence. Hunting Traditions in Bono Hunting is a respected tradition in Bono, often tied to chieftaincy, spirituality, and masculinity. In some clans, hunting prowess is a source of pride, with tales of bravery and skill passed through oral history. Rituals are sometimes performed before or after major hunts, and sacred forests—such as those associated with local shrines—are off-limits for hunting, contributing to local biodiversity conservation. Traditional festivals occasionally feature symbolic hunts or the wearing of animal skins to honor ancestors. Interesting Facts about Hunting in Bono The grasscutter is the most valued bushmeat species in Bono and is also being domesticated by some farmers. Local taboos protect certain species or forbid hunting in specific areas during sacred periods. Bushmeat markets in towns like Sunyani, Berekum, and Dormaa Ahenkro serve as important economic hubs. Some hunters are experimenting with sustainable farming alternatives to reduce pressure on wildlife. Bono’s proximity to Bui National Park increases both opportunities and risks for wildlife-human interactions. In Bono, hunting reflects a careful balance between heritage and sustainability. As Ghana expands its conservation efforts and rural development programs, local communities in Bono continue to adapt—blending traditional practices with new knowledge. Protecting wildlife, respecting customs, and promoting regulated hunting can ensure that Bono’s forests, culture, and communities continue to thrive together.