Hunt Belgium Forest - News

Hunting season in East Belgium In East Belgium hunting can be carried out in an expansive forested area spanning some 45,000 hectares (111,000 acres). The right to hunt t

Hunting season in East Belgium In East Belgium hunting can be carried out in an expansive forested area spanning some 45,000 hectares (111,000 acres). The right to hunt there can be obtained by leasing a hunting ground of at least 50 hectares (123 acres) from the forest owners (the Walloon region, the municipalities or the private owners). This lease runs for 6, 9 or 12 years. It goes without saying that every hunter must hold a hunting licence which is obtained by passing a suitable examination. In East Belgium, game predominantly consists of stags, deer and wild boars, the hunting of which is strictly organised by legislation and the large gamekeeping communities. Contrary to popular belief, hunting is not only organised for the pleasure of hunters but, above all, for the purpose of regulating the number of animals in the forest so that the economic utilisation of the forest is ensured. If game numbers are too high, this can result in substantial damage being caused to the rejuvenation of leaf trees and to trees of economic value. For this reason, culling plans were already introduced many years ago which specify the exact number of animals which may be culled during the hunting season. These are based on the game population counted by the forest administration in the spring. Conservation Approximately 500 people have permission to hunt in East Belgium, either as tenants of a hunting ground or because they have received an invitation from such a tenant. The hunters are members of a large game ring whose primary objective is to organise hunting by respecting the manner in which the wildlife lives and the conservation of nature – in direct collaboration with the forest administration. Game is extremely popular among gourmets as a gastronomic delicacy. The sale of culled game is strictly regulated in order to guarantee that it can be traced. The sale is carried out by specialised, approved companies which have applied for a licence.

Post: 19 October 09:58

Охота на лису с манком Лиса - желанный трофей для любого охотника. Самое важное при охоте на лису с манком – скрадка и маскировка. Ни в коем случае нельзя манить напуган

Охота на лису с манком Лиса - желанный трофей для любого охотника. Самое важное при охоте на лису с манком – скрадка и маскировка. Ни в коем случае нельзя манить напуганную лису. И надо также помнить, что зверь идет только против ветра и потому охотник должен быть у него в тылу, двигаться и скрадывать против ветра, иначе лиса учует охотника на большом расстоянии и дело будет испорчено – она на манок не пойдет. Зрение у лисы хотя и хуже, чем слух, но все же превосходное. Если вам придется охотиться на лису в открытом снежном поле, маскировка должна быть самая тщательная: белый халат с капюшоном, белые валенки и белые перчатки. Ни малейшего движения стволами нельзя себе позволить, иначе лисица покажет хвост. Охота на лису с манком производится из засады. Место для засады выбирается такое, чтобы все время можно было видеть зверя. Для такого вида охоты также пригодится бинокль, который поможет издалека «подозрить» зверя.

Post: 8 September 19:32

FACE – Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU FACE is the largest European organization uniting national hunting associations from the countri

FACE – Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU FACE is the largest European organization uniting national hunting associations from the countries of the European Union. Founded in 1977, FACE is dedicated to protecting the interests of hunters, promoting sustainable hunting, and preserving biodiversity. The organization is actively involved in the development of European legislation related to hunting, nature conservation and natural resource management. FACE also supports scientific research and educational programs aimed at the sustainable use of wildlife. FACE – Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU Rue Belliard 205, 1040 Brussels, Belgium. +32 2 732 6900 https://www.face.eu/

Post: 7 February 21:42

Belgian farmers call for weaker protection of wolves, as environmentalists want greater Their populations in Europe have been on the rise for a number of years. Wolves are back in Belgium and their growing presence is creating tensions with farmers, who fear for the safety of their livestock. They want to reopen the debate on wolf hunting in Europe, which forbids it under both the EU's Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitat. Euronews spoke to Ludwig Heinen, a dairy farmer with 320 cows, who said that there are currently three packs of wolves near his farm in the High Fens mountains. Despite none of his animals so far not being attacked, he is still worried. "If the animals are torn apart by wolves, that's one thing, but if wolves make the animals - who are free in the field - nervous, you cannot easily calm down those animals again," Heinen said in an interview. "My opinion is clear: if a wolf causes trouble, then we should be able to put it down and shoot it." So far this year, in this area, one calf and several sheep have been killed by wolves. The leader of the Farmers Association of Eastern Belgium, Ingrid Mertes, told Euronews that wolves do not belong in the farmers' fields and the debate on wolf hunting in Europe should be reconsidered. Earlier this year, the European Commission called for a review of the protected status of wolves, as it thinks the growing population poses a danger to livestock. "The farmers want only to have that the many wolves that are able live in nature and feed themselves there, do it," Mertes said. "If the wolves are leaving their habitat for the farming area to attack animals, then we have too many of them. That's why we want to set a limit." Joachim Mergeay, a wildlife expert from the Institute for Nature and Forest Research, follows the everyday lives of wolves in Belgium. He told Euronews that they represent a low risk to the economy. In fact, he says it is more to do with humans no longer being used to living near them. "The issue is not about economy. The issue is about how does the presence of the wolves make me feel as a farmer, as a rural actor?" he said. Mergeay explained that contact between livestock and wolves can be avoided by fences. But even if the EU were to lower the preservation status of wolves - it would not mean a green light for hunting and the problems of farmers would likely remain. "Under these reduced protection levels, you can only hunt if the populations are in a healthy situation, in a favourable conservation status," Mergeay told Euronews. "We are not there yet. Changing this protection level would not mean that you can hunt. These wolf populations still need to grow and it would not resolve any of the conflict that is currently at the basis of these questions." While the debate around wolves becomes heated, Belgium's wolf population - approximately around two dozen - is mainly being decimated by road traffic.

Post: 20 November 09:12

Royal Saint-Hubert Club de Belgique – Wallonia The Royal Club of St Hubert in Belgium, founded in 1909, is the most important association for the promotion and defence o

Royal Saint-Hubert Club de Belgique – Wallonia The Royal Club of St Hubert in Belgium, founded in 1909, is the most important association for the promotion and defence of hunting. It brings together 12,600 hunters . The association consists of two parts: the non-profit organisation Wallonne du RSHCB and the non-profit organisation Hubertus Vlaamse Vereniging. Both have the same objectives: to defend all hunting methods practised in an ethical manner. They raise hunters' awareness of habitat conservation and development, the protection of small fauna on the plains, the control of large game populations, the protection of the natural environment and biodiversity, the sharing of nature with other users, animal welfare and the role of health inspectors in relation to wild fauna... Avenue Gouverneur Bovesse 112/6 B-5100 Jambes (Namur), Belgium TEL: +32 81 30 97 81 WEBSITE: www.chasse.be

Post: 7 March 17:10

"Norway - 'King of the Forest' is Causing a Stir" The moose is called the "king of the forest". There are good reasons for that, it is Norway's largest mammal on land.

"Norway - 'King of the Forest' is Causing a Stir" The moose is called the "king of the forest". There are good reasons for that, it is Norway's largest mammal on land. "I have never seen anything like it, and I have seen many animals throughout my photography career, says photographer Thomas Mørch." He is talking about the spotted elk that walks around Hallingdal. A few years ago Albin the albino moose became such a big celebrity that the hunting teams protected him. A white national treasure, which was felled by a Danish hunter in 2011 who had not caught the "protection". Now the forest has a new moose that stands out. It is not completely white, but mottled. >>Full article link: https://www.nrk.no/osloogviken/flekkete-elg-vekker-oppsikt-_-er-rammet-av-piebaldisme-1.16675513?fbclid=IwAR0zT8q25thsHFWt0nMJHu8S0IwL5Oig3tfbkanFiP6QSXicYBG3Nqa5EW0

Post: 3 January 18:34

Deforestation in Borneo threatens three endangered, endemic plant species The rampant deforestation for monoculture plantation and logging in western Indonesian Borneo h

Deforestation in Borneo threatens three endangered, endemic plant species The rampant deforestation for monoculture plantation and logging in western Indonesian Borneo has exacerbated the extinction risks of three plant species endemic to the island’s riparian lowland rainforests, a new study said. The researchers are calling for stricter protection of the forest fragments as a key conservation strategy for the three plant species and for further research to be done to better understand the species’ population status so as to improve their management. The island of Borneo, which is split between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, has for the last few decades lost more than a third of its forests due to fires, logging, mining and industrial plantations, particularly oil palms. JAKARTA — The rampant deforestation for monoculture plantation and logging in western Indonesian Borneo has exacerbated the extinction risks of three plant species endemic to the island’s riparian lowland rainforests, a new study said. A group of Indonesian researchers has reported that three Bornean plant species, Vatica rynchocarpa, V. havilandii and V. cauliflora, found in the lowland forest fragments along the upper Kapuas River in West Kalimantan province, were threatened by small-holder farming, industrial agriculture and timber extraction. These patches of riparian forests were unprotected, as they have been designated as “other-use” or APL, rendering them available for any development and most likely to see further deforestation, added the authors in their report published in the April issue of Journal for Nature Conservation. “I don’t think that this is first research on plant species in Borneo, but ours is the first population study on the three species which are threatened with extinction and one of them is very endemic, in their natural habitat,” Enggal Primananda, a forest researcher at Indonesia’s National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) who is the lead author of the paper, told Mongabay in an interview. Enggal said the population assessment of the three Vatica species from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) prompted his team to carry out their field study. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species shows that the V. rynchocarpa is endangered, as the plant species has faced up to 70% decline in the past decade, while the V. havilandii and V. cauliflora are critically endangered, meaning that they are close to extinction in the wild. Enggal noted that V. cauliflora could only be found in West Kalimantan’s Kapuas Hulu district, while the other two could still be found in the Bornean forests of Malaysia and Brunei. Incidentally, he said, V. cauliflora typically also grew in dryland areas that were favorable among people for converting into plantations, such as rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and the medicinal plant kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). Recent population surveys located a total of 179 individuals of the species, the paper said. “We wanted to find out whether these species still exist in the wild, what are the threats that cause the highest potential for extinction, and the population status in their habitat,” Enggal said. The Kapuas River represents one of the oldest tropical peat formations. It empties into the Kapuas Hulu plateau, flows through the steep slope in the western part of the plateau, then descends into plains. This region has a very wet climate with an even distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The authors conducted field surveys July 4-18, 2022, and assessed the population structure of each species. Through proximity analysis, they calculated the distance of each individual from the river to assess its effect on the species distribution. A total of 13 locations were surveyed during the study with a total covered distance of 26 kilometers (16 miles). In addition to the population of V. cauliflora, they located 317 individuals of V. rynchocarpa and 568 individuals of V. havilandii. The island of Borneo is split between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. A group of scientists published in 2022 a study of a deforestation trend model that projected 74,419 square kilometers (28,733 square miles) of forest — an area a tenth the size of Italy — would be lost between 2018 and 2032. The estimate was based on forest loss of 59,949 km2 (23,146 mi2) between 2000 and 2017 across Borneo. In 1973, three-quarters of Borneo, the world’s third-largest island, was still forested and home to many tropical wildlife species. But four decades of fires, logging, mining and industrial plantations, particularly oil palms, destroyed more than a third of Borneo’s rainforests. Enggal said he presented his field findings to the managing agencies of the Kapuas Hulu forests immediately after his team completed their surveys. The researchers are calling for stricter protection of the forest fragments as a key conservation strategy for the three plant species and for further research to be done to better understand the species’ population status so as to improve their management. “There isn’t much attention yet from the forestry sector given towards plant conservation in comparison to animal conservation, so the research and information is still very limited especially for plants that are threatened with extinction,” Enggal said.

Post: 6 December 09:29

Belovezhskaya Pushcha, 1971. In the 1970s, Belovezhskaya Pushcha—known in Polish as Białowieża Forest—was one of Europe’s last and largest remaining tracts of primeval l

Belovezhskaya Pushcha, 1971. In the 1970s, Belovezhskaya Pushcha—known in Polish as Białowieża Forest—was one of Europe’s last and largest remaining tracts of primeval lowland forest, straddling the border between the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (part of the USSR) and the Polish People's Republic. This ancient woodland, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979, was a sanctuary for Europe’s most iconic wildlife, including several species of deer that played a vital role in the ecosystem and cultural life of the region. During the 1970s, the forest was under strict state protection on both sides of the border, though management approaches differed. In the Soviet sector (Belarus), the forest was managed as a state reserve and forestry zone, while in Poland, the core area was a national park with limited human intervention. Despite Cold War divisions, scientific cooperation and conservation efforts continued, particularly regarding large mammals, including deer. Ecology and Behavior The 1970s saw Belovezhskaya Pushcha as a rare example of a largely undisturbed forest ecosystem. Deadwood, natural clearings, and diverse tree species—oaks, hornbeams, spruces, and ashes—created ideal conditions for deer. The forest’s rich understory provided ample food, especially in spring and summer, while winter survival depended on bark, twigs, and supplemental feeding in certain managed zones. Deer played a crucial role in seed dispersal and forest regeneration. Their browsing influenced the composition of plant communities, and their presence supported predators like the Eurasian wolf and lynx, both of which were protected in the reserve despite being persecuted in other parts of Europe. Conservation and Human Management In the Soviet sector, deer populations were monitored and managed by state forestry services. Culling was practiced to prevent overpopulation and forest degradation, though within the strict boundaries of the nature reserve, natural processes were allowed to dominate. In Poland, the approach was more hands-off, emphasizing non-intervention. Supplementary feeding of deer—especially red deer—was common during harsh winters, using hay, salt licks, and cut branches. Feeding stations also allowed researchers and tourists to observe wildlife, contributing to both science and ecotourism. Hunting was highly restricted. In the core protected zones, it was banned entirely. However, in buffer zones outside the strict reserve, limited trophy hunting was permitted under state control, particularly in the USSR, where it was sometimes reserved for high-ranking officials. This practice was controversial among conservationists but was justified by authorities as a means of population control and revenue generation. Scientific Research and Public Awareness The 1970s were a golden age for ecological research in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Biologists from Minsk, Warsaw, and beyond studied deer behavior, population dynamics, and interactions with the forest. Radio telemetry was beginning to be used, and long-term monitoring programs were established. Documentaries and nature films produced in both Poland and the USSR featured the forest’s deer, helping to raise public awareness about the importance of conservation. The image of a red deer strolling through a misty glade in the ancient forest became a powerful symbol of wilderness in Eastern Europe. Cultural Significance For local communities, deer had long been part of folklore, traditional crafts, and subsistence. While poaching still occurred occasionally, especially during food shortages, enforcement had improved by the 1970s, and respect for the forest’s protected status was growing. In both Belarusian and Polish culture, the deer symbolized grace, vigilance, and the spirit of the wild forest. In Soviet propaganda, the pristine nature of Belovezhskaya Pushcha—and its majestic deer—was showcased as a triumph of socialist environmental stewardship. In the 1970s, deer in Belovezhskaya Pushcha thrived as integral components of one of Europe’s last primeval forests. Protected by international recognition and dedicated conservation efforts, red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer roamed ancient woodlands much as they had for centuries. At a time of increasing industrialization and habitat loss across Europe, Belovezhskaya Pushcha stood as a rare refuge—a living testament to the resilience of nature and the importance of preserving wilderness. The deer, silent and watchful among the towering trees, were both its inhabitants and its enduring symbols.

Post: 23 September 21:55

🇳🇿NOVI ZELAND u fokusu! ❗️❗️❗️❗️❗️Dobre, jednostavno sjajne vijesti! Sve više pozitivnih odgovora o vizama za naše turiste! Nudimo vam da oživite prekrasnu tradiciju,

🇳🇿NOVI ZELAND u fokusu! ❗️❗️❗️❗️❗️Dobre, jednostavno sjajne vijesti! Sve više pozitivnih odgovora o vizama za naše turiste! Nudimo vam da oživite prekrasnu tradiciju, koju je prekinuo COVID-19, letenja na Novi Zeland zbog tahra, divokoza, jelena i zadivljujućih pogleda na Milford Sound! 📊 Cijeli niz isplativih kupnji sada za tekuću sezonu: 🔵Prva i glavna ponuda 2024. godine: 2 kontejnera po cijeni jednog za 14.500 USD 🔵Drugi, najisplativiji: lov na divokoze, jeftinije nego u Španjolskoj - 5000 USD 🔵Treći, maksimalni trofej: lov na katrana i jelena (od 400 bodova) 27.500 USD. Drugi tar u ovom lovu je besplatan! 🍰 I trešnja na torti: besplatni dodatni trofeji ovna arapava, ženka divokoze i jelena lopatara, divlja koza i klokan. ✅ Sve što je planirano sada se pretvara u stvarnost!

Post: 29 May 09:32

Հայաստանում որսի սեզոնը սկսվում է օգոստոսի երրորդ շաբաթ օրվանից և տևում է մինչև փետրվարի վերջ ։ Բոլորովին վերջերս շրջակա միջավայրի նախարարությունը որոշում է կայացրել Հայ

Հայաստանում որսի սեզոնը սկսվում է օգոստոսի երրորդ շաբաթ օրվանից և տևում է մինչև փետրվարի վերջ ։ Բոլորովին վերջերս շրջակա միջավայրի նախարարությունը որոշում է կայացրել Հայաստանի տարածքում որսը թույլատրել շաբաթական ընդամենը երեք օր ՝ Չորեքշաբթի, Շաբաթ և կիրակի օրերին: Որոշումից առաջ որսը թույլատրվել էր շաբաթվա բոլոր օրերին։

Post: 13 July 10:18

Post: 26 October 13:52

Belgian farmers call for weaker protection of wolves, as environmentalists want greater Their populations in Europe have been on the rise for a number of years. Wolves are back in Belgium and their growing presence is creating tensions with farmers, who fear for the safety of their livestock. They want to reopen the debate on wolf hunting in Europe, which forbids it under both the EU's Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitat. Euronews spoke to Ludwig Heinen, a dairy farmer with 320 cows, who said that there are currently three packs of wolves near his farm in the High Fens mountains. Despite none of his animals so far not being attacked, he is still worried. "If the animals are torn apart by wolves, that's one thing, but if wolves make the animals - who are free in the field - nervous, you cannot easily calm down those animals again," Heinen said in an interview. "My opinion is clear: if a wolf causes trouble, then we should be able to put it down and shoot it." So far this year, in this area, one calf and several sheep have been killed by wolves. The leader of the Farmers Association of Eastern Belgium, Ingrid Mertes, told Euronews that wolves do not belong in the farmers' fields and the debate on wolf hunting in Europe should be reconsidered. Earlier this year, the European Commission called for a review of the protected status of wolves, as it thinks the growing population poses a danger to livestock. "The farmers want only to have that the many wolves that are able live in nature and feed themselves there, do it," Mertes said. "If the wolves are leaving their habitat for the farming area to attack animals, then we have too many of them. That's why we want to set a limit." Joachim Mergeay, a wildlife expert from the Institute for Nature and Forest Research, follows the everyday lives of wolves in Belgium. He told Euronews that they represent a low risk to the economy. In fact, he says it is more to do with humans no longer being used to living near them. "The issue is not about economy. The issue is about how does the presence of the wolves make me feel as a farmer, as a rural actor?" he said. Mergeay explained that contact between livestock and wolves can be avoided by fences. But even if the EU were to lower the preservation status of wolves - it would not mean a green light for hunting and the problems of farmers would likely remain. "Under these reduced protection levels, you can only hunt if the populations are in a healthy situation, in a favourable conservation status," Mergeay told Euronews. "We are not there yet. Changing this protection level would not mean that you can hunt. These wolf populations still need to grow and it would not resolve any of the conflict that is currently at the basis of these questions." While the debate around wolves becomes heated, Belgium's wolf population - approximately around two dozen - is mainly being decimated by road traffic.

Post: 8 November 17:44

Jagd & Hund Exhibition in Dortmund, Germany As an avid hunter, I recently had the pleasure of attending the Jagd & Hund exhibition held in Dortmund from January 28, 2025

Jagd & Hund Exhibition in Dortmund, Germany As an avid hunter, I recently had the pleasure of attending the Jagd & Hund exhibition held in Dortmund from January 28, 2025. This event was a remarkable experience for anyone who shares a passion for hunting, and I wanted to share my thoughts. First and foremost, the selection of modern hunting weapons was truly impressive. From state-of-the-art rifles to innovative shotguns, the variety on display catered to all hunting styles and preferences. I had the opportunity to handle several models, and the manufacturers were more than willing to discuss specifications, features, and the latest advancements in technology. Beyond firearms, the exhibition also showcased a stunning range of all-terrain vehicles specifically designed for hunting. These rugged machines are equipped to tackle any terrain, making them perfect companions for those long trips into the wilderness. It was fascinating to see how the automotive industry is evolving to meet the needs of hunters. Moreover, the section dedicated to taxidermy was breathtaking. I marveled at the artistry and skill showcased in creating lifelike representations of various game animals. It added a unique touch to the exhibition, highlighting the importance of ethical hunting practices and wildlife conservation. Additionally, there were various booths featuring hunting gear, clothing, and accessories, which made it easy for attendees to find everything they needed for their next hunting trip. The vibrant atmosphere and the camaraderie among fellow hunters created an unforgettable experience. In conclusion, attending the Jagd & Hund exhibition was a highlight of my hunting calendar. I left feeling inspired and more informed about the latest trends and technologies in the hunting world. If you’re passionate about hunting, this is an event you shouldn’t miss in the coming years!

Post: 31 January 22:58

🧠 Prioritizing Mental Health: A Journey to Well-being 🌟 In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, it’s easy to overlook our mental health. But taking care of our mi

🧠 Prioritizing Mental Health: A Journey to Well-being 🌟 In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, it’s easy to overlook our mental health. But taking care of our minds is just as important as taking care of our bodies. 💪💚 Whether it’s through meditation, talking to a friend, or simply taking a break, let’s make mental health a priority. Remember, it’s okay to ask for help and take time for yourself. 🌼 Share your favorite self-care tips and how you manage stress. Let’s support each other on this journey to well-being. 🏞️

Post: 13 September 19:23

Utah Hunting Seasons, 2023-2024 Utah’s hunting seasons are currently underway. The mountains of Utah represent a beautiful background for the Beehive State’s vast hunting

Utah Hunting Seasons, 2023-2024 Utah’s hunting seasons are currently underway. The mountains of Utah represent a beautiful background for the Beehive State’s vast hunting lands. The most beautiful landscapes of the United States are found in Utah’s portion of the Rocky Mountains, allowing you to explore beautiful nature and achieve a bountiful hunt. On top of the scenery, the state offers premier hunting of big game, including deer, elk, moose and bighorn sheep. Utah Deer Seasons Archery Aug. 19-Sept. 15 Muzzleloader Sept. 27-Oct. 5 Early General Season Oct. 11-15 General Season Oct. 21-29 Utah makes deer hunting easy by providing permits through it Utah Hunting and Fishing app, allowing you to purchase permits on the go before heading out to hunt. First-time hunters in the state can participate in the trial hunting program, which gives new big-game hunters the opportunity to try out the sport without taking the required Hunter Education course. For more information, visit the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources website.

Post: 1 December 10:05

Որսորդության համար մեքենա ընտրելիս պետք է հաշվի առնել մի քանի կարևոր գործոն: Նախ, դուք պետք է ընտրեք մեքենա, որն ունի լավ անցումային հնարավորություններ, քանի որ կոպիտ և ա

Որսորդության համար մեքենա ընտրելիս պետք է հաշվի առնել մի քանի կարևոր գործոն: Նախ, դուք պետք է ընտրեք մեքենա, որն ունի լավ անցումային հնարավորություններ, քանի որ կոպիտ և արտաճանապարհային ճանապարհների նվաճումն անխուսափելի կլինի: Երկրորդ կարևոր գործոնը մեքենայի տարողունակությունն է։ Ի վերջո, որսի համար անհրաժեշտ է ձեզ հետ վերցնել զենքեր, պարկուճներ, սարքավորումներ և, հնարավոր է, հրավիրված որսորդներ կամ որսի խաղ։ Ուստի մեքենան պետք է բավարար տեղ ունենա բոլոր անհրաժեշտ իրերի համար։ Պետք է ուշադրություն դարձնել նաև կրողունակությանը և զենք ու խաղ տեղափոխելու համար հատուկ ամրակներ տեղադրելու հնարավորությանը։ Կարևոր ասպեկտ է նաև շարժիչի հզորությունն ու հուսալիությունը: Այն դեպքում, երբ դուք պետք է հաղթահարեք խոչընդոտները կամ ծանր բեռներ կրեք, հզոր շարժիչն անփոխարինելի կլինի։ Հարմարավետությունն ու հարմարավետությունը նույնպես դեր են խաղում որսի համար մեքենա ընտրելիս: Հարմարավետ նստատեղերը, ուղևորների համար բավարար տարածքը և անհրաժեշտ սարքավորումներն ու հանդերձանքը տեղավորելու հնարավորությունը բոլորը կարևոր չափանիշներ են: Եվ իհարկե, մի մոռացեք մեքենայի հուսալիության և անվտանգության մասին: Այն պետք է հագեցած լինի անվտանգության համակարգերով, ինչպիսիք են ABS, ESP, Airbag և այլ ժամանակակից տեխնոլոգիաներ՝ անհրաժեշտության դեպքում հուսալի պաշտպանություն ապահովելու համար: Այսպիսով, որսի համար մեքենա ընտրելիս անհրաժեշտ է հաշվի առնել միջքաղաքային կարողությունը, հզորությունը, կրող հզորությունը, շարժիչի հզորությունը, հարմարավետությունը և անվտանգությունը: Միայն այս բոլոր գործոնները հաշվի առնելով՝ կարող եք ընտրել լավագույն մեքենան, որը լիովին կբավարարի որսորդի կարիքները։

Post: 17 July 10:19

Որսի ժամանակ շատ կարևոր է ունենալ հարմարավետ հագուստ։ Ի վերջո, երկար ժամեր են անցկացվում բնության գրկում, որտեղ պայմանները կարող են անկանխատեսելի լինել։ Հարմարավետ հագուս

Որսի ժամանակ շատ կարևոր է ունենալ հարմարավետ հագուստ։ Ի վերջո, երկար ժամեր են անցկացվում բնության գրկում, որտեղ պայմանները կարող են անկանխատեսելի լինել։ Հարմարավետ հագուստը թույլ է տալիս ազատ տեղաշարժվել՝ չսահմանափակելով ձեր գործունեությունը: Այն պետք է պաշտպանիչ լինի եղանակային պայմաններից պաշտպանվելու համար, ինչպիսիք են անձրևը, քամին կամ ցուրտը: Բացի այդ, այն պետք է ապահով լինի՝ կանխելու հնարավոր վնասվածքները կամ կտրվածքները: Որսի համար ճիշտ հագուստ ընտրելով՝ կարող եք կենտրոնանալ որսի գործընթացի վրա և առավելագույն օգուտ քաղել դրանից։

Post: 14 July 10:22

На дворе ноябрь, наступила оттепель с дождями, снег растаял, самая подходящая погода для охоты на зайца с подхода, в узёрку, ведь зайцы уже давно побелели и лежат очень плотно. В лесу черно, а заяц белый, видно его хорошо и далеко, но вот найти затаившегося зверька не так-то просто, то и дело происходят ложные подходы ко всяким белым предметам, кусок бересты, канистра, или пена с берёзы. Своего беляка я искал очень долго, но моё упорство всё же взяло верх и к концу пятого дня замелькал меж берёзовых стволов желанный трофей, но в него ещё нужно попасть! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TnhJU6xXus&ab_channel=%D0%9E%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%A0%D0%AB%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%A8%D0%95.

Post: 17 November 17:30

Тюменцам разрешили охотиться на кабанов и медведей На территории Тюменской области начался сезон охоты на кабанов, медведей и пернатую дичь. Охотиться на медведей тюменц

Тюменцам разрешили охотиться на кабанов и медведей На территории Тюменской области начался сезон охоты на кабанов, медведей и пернатую дичь. Охотиться на медведей тюменцы смогут до конца декабря, на кабанов — до 28 февраля. Сезон охоты на болотно-луговую дичь с подружейными собаками завершится 30 ноября. На степную боровую и полевую дичь можно охотиться до 10 января, на водоплавающую — до 31 декабря, сообщили в Госохотдепартаменте. Напомним, охотиться на диких животных и птицу могут только те жители региона, которые имеют охотничий билет и разрешение на отстрел. В охоте на пернатую дичь с собакой могут принимать участие не более трех охотников одновременно. Ранее сообщалось, что жители Тюменской области сообщали о встрече с медведями во время сбора грибов в начале лета. Косолапые были замечены в Нижнетавдинском районе — недалеко от села Бухтала и в Тюменском районе, около деревни Падерина.

Post: 8 August 10:48

First Nations, B.C. government move to ban black bear hunting in an effort to protect rare spirit bears Black bears in Kitasoo/Xai’xais, Gitga’at territories likeliest t

First Nations, B.C. government move to ban black bear hunting in an effort to protect rare spirit bears Black bears in Kitasoo/Xai’xais, Gitga’at territories likeliest to carry rare genetic trait, researchers say The B.C. government has banned the hunting of black bears in the territories of the Kitasoo/Xai'xais and Gitga'at First Nations in the Great Bear Rainforest, in response to a joint proposal by the nations to protect one of the rarest bear species on the planet: the spirit bear. "This is the only part of the world where you'll likely find a spirit bear," said Douglas Neasloss, co-ordinator for the Kitasoo/Xai'xais Stewardship Authority (KXSA). "Anytime someone shoots a black bear, it could be carrying that recessive gene so we wanted to see that hunt over." Spirit bears, also known as kermode bears or moksgm'ol in the Tsimshian language, are black bears with a white coat — the result of a recessive gene found in about one in 10 black bears in British Columbia's Central and North Coast regions, according to research from the University of Victoria in collaboration with the nations. The B.C. government announced the new regulations on July 1, which include stipulations on hunting closures covering 8,158 square kilometres of Kitasoo/Xai'xais and Gitga'at territories, and approximately 13 per cent of the Great Bear Rainforest. It is a region wildlife biologists say is home to the highest concentration of black bears possibly carrying the rare gene. Neasloss says this is the only part of the world where spirit bears appear. "It's just such a rare thing to see something so beautiful and white just come out of a dark green forest," he said. "It's one of the most magical things you can see." Saving bears takes a lot of gas. This B.C. rescue says it needs more funds to keep doing the work In an emailed statement to CBC News, the B.C. Ministry of Forests said the "no-hunting area expands on existing closures to cover areas where the highest concentration of genetic mutation occurs and aligns with Indigenous knowledge."

Post: 22 July 20:36

То, чего вы не знали о ночной охоте Нахождение с подветренной по отношению к зверям стороны – обязательное для выполнения условие; Необходимо обрабатывать свою одежду сп

То, чего вы не знали о ночной охоте Нахождение с подветренной по отношению к зверям стороны – обязательное для выполнения условие; Необходимо обрабатывать свою одежду специальными жидкостями, маскирующими запах человека, либо использовать специальные комбинезоны; Обязательное условие – издавать минимальное количество звуков. Тепловизоры; Приборы ночного видения; Тепловизионные бинокли; Инфракрасные осветители; Прицелы ночного видения;

Post: 20 July 10:48

Hunting in Brazil: What are the options? Abstract In Brazil most forms of hunting and keeping of wild animals are illegal, although they remain widely practiced and are

Hunting in Brazil: What are the options? Abstract In Brazil most forms of hunting and keeping of wild animals are illegal, although they remain widely practiced and are deeply culturally embedded in many regions. The drivers of such widespread non-compliance are poorly understood and evidence to support future policy decisions is generally lacking. In this paper, we seek to stimulate a critical debate on how to deal with hunting in Brazil by analysing the main factors driving non-compliance with current legislation. This is particularly timely given that several amendments to existing legislation are currently under consideration. Our analysis suggests that, while there are no simple solutions to non-compliance, a targeted suite of the following policy options could improve the monitoring, sustainability and conservation consequences of hunting in Brazil: (i) simplifying the process to become a registered subsistence hunter; (ii) expanding participation in licensing schemes; (iii) investing in pilot studies and assessing their environmental and socioeconomic impacts; (iv) expanding community-based management programmes; (v) trailing education and social marketing campaigns. These policy options are geographically and social-context specific and would be most effectively be implemented at regional or sub-regional scales. Introduction Nearly all countries have extensive legal frameworks designed to carefully regulate human interactions with the natural environment. Many of these laws have been carefully drafted to align with global treaties (such as the CBD and CITES) and specifically prohibit the over-exploitation or degradation of certain natural resources. Some countries, such as Brazil, go even further and prohibit most forms of hunting and keeping of wild animals. And yet… hunting is still remarkably widespread throughout Brazil (de Azevedo Chagas et al., 2015, El Bizri et al., 2015), prosecutions are rare (Barreto et al., 2009, Kuhnen and Kanaan, 2014) and fines resulting from prosecutions are hardly ever paid (da Silva and Bernard, 2016). Moreover, the very fact that it is illegal means that it is very hard to gather data about either the hunters or the species they are exploiting, leaving local conservation managers to make decisions in an information vacuum. According to the Wildlife Protection Law (Law No. 5197/67), wildlife hunting and trade in Brazil is criminalized. However, the current law and its subsequent revisions (Law No. 7653/88) distinguish between predatory and non-predatory hunting. The first refers to commercial hunting and poaching and is fully criminalized. In contrast, non-predatory hunting (including subsistence hunting, hunting for controlling wildlife populations, hunting for scientific purposes, and recreational/sport hunting) should be regulated, monitored and controlled. Theoretically, the only barrier to legally practice non-predatory hunting in Brazil is to obtain a license – through this process is both costly and bureaucratic (Pinheiro, 2014). Given the lack of incentives for private individuals to engage with this process, most hunting in Brazil (whether predatory or non-predatory) continues to be unregulated and illegal with significant negative consequences for animal populations, biodiversity and ecosystem processes (Antunes et al., 2016, Cullen et al., 2001, de Araujo Lima Constantino, 2016, Tabarelli et al., 2010). Recognizing the weaknesses of existing legislation, Brazil's congress is currently debating a new proposal (PL 6268/2016) which, if approved, will revoke the current Wildlife Protection Law and promote the creation of private hunting reserves. Significantly, the new proposal will not explicitly prohibit commercial hunting, and has the potential to increase wildlife trafficking and animal suffering. While supporters of the new legislation claim that it will finally regulate hunting in Brazil, many environmentalists see this as a retrograde step. Interestingly, while the new proposal was being debated, São Paulo's state government approved a law (PL299/2018) which ban all forms of wild animal keeping and hunting within the state. Such decision has direct impact on the control of the invasive wild pig in the state, which was previously regulated by a Federal Decree (Instrução Normativa Ibama 03/2013). Whether (or not) there will be a change in the federal legislation, there is a broad consensus among academics, practitioners and wildlife managers that hunting is a major conservation issue in Brazil (Fernandes-Ferreira and Nóbrega Alves, 2017, Fernandez et al., 2012). From a technical perspective, there is a general lack of data about wildlife and population dynamics in Brazil and, more generally, in Latin America (Roper, 2006). Additionally, designing effective policies to protect wildlife and manage different species across megadiverse regions spanning from semi-arid and savannah environments (Caatinga and Cerrado) to the world's largest tropical wetland area (Pantanal) is extremely challenging (Alves and Souto, 2011). To further complicate this picture, hunting is culturally discouraged in much of Brazil, especially among urban populations (Marchini and Crawshaw, 2015). In contrast, the social acceptability of hunting is usually greater in rural areas where livelihoods are traditionally more reliant on the exploitation of natural resources (Gama et al., 2016, Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Thus, the development of effective conservation strategies also requires identifying and assessing the relative importance of the factors that motivate illegal practices within specific socio-political and economic contexts (Duffy et al., 2016). Nevertheless, our understanding of why people hunt in Brazil is rudimentary a frequently anecdotal. For example, while poverty may drive subsistence hunting in some remote rural areas of poorest regions, hunting behaviour seems to cross socio-economic boundaries (El Bizri et al., 2015). Moreover, a perceived lack of enforcement could encourage non-compliance for economic gain, or even for social enjoyment and/or prestige (Regueira and Bernard, 2012). In this context, enlarging our understanding of what is driving such widespread non-compliance is an important initial step towards developing more effective policies to deal with non-compliant behaviours and better supporting wildlife management across the country. In the following article, we consider the main factors which could be driving non-compliance with hunting legislation in Brazil with the aim of stimulating a critical debate on how to deal with hunting in the future. Drivers of non-compliance with hunting legislation Perhaps the first prerequisite of compliance is being aware of rules. Ignorance of the law is among the most important drivers of non-compliance with environmental regulations (Winter and May, 2001). This might be compounded by high levels of social acceptability and participation: it could be considered rational to believe that an activity is legal if it is widely and freely practiced. Moreover, communication of legal obligations relating to hunting may be ineffective. For example, studies conducted in Nigeria (Adefalu et al., 2013) and Madagascar (Keane et al., 2011) indicate higher levels of ignorance about wildlife laws and policies among local hunters with no formal education, less educated individuals and those not involved with tourism and community-based resource management. Ignorance of hunting laws is a common reason for non-compliance, even in developed countries (Eliason, 2004), but may be especially problematic in areas where illiteracy is still high. Such a situation is prevalent in remote rural areas and poorer states of Brazil. Furthermore, even if prohibitions on hunting are recognized, some rural residents may lack a comprehensive understanding about its complex requirements and bureaucratic hurdles (i.e. the licensing system regulating non-predatory hunting) or they may associate hunting ban only inside Protected Areas (Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Additionally, education campaigns and outreach activities aimed at raising public awareness about wildlife hunting are generally rare, and/or not effectively targeted. Public debates concerning illegal exploitation of natural resources and hunting are also sporadic and commonly addressed by a mixture of academics, conservationists, decision-makers and anti-poaching activists. Poverty is another factor often considered as an underlying motivation for illegal wildlife hunting, the implication being that the rural poor are driven to hunt by the absence of livelihood alternatives and the comparatively cheap prices of wildlife products (Apaza et al., 2002, De Merode et al., 2004). However, since poor people may hunt for both subsistence (“cooking pot”) and income (“pocket book”) (Kahler and Gore, 2012), distinguishing between commercial hunting and subsistence hunting is very challenging (Duffy et al., 2016, Fa et al., 2002). In rural Africa for example, Brashares et al. (2011) showed that wildlife consumption follows a very complex rural-urban gradient that includes subsistence-based rural consumption (the poorest people from more isolated settlements consume more bush-meat), mixed subsistence-commercial hunting (small scale farmers), hunting for commercial urban markets (wealthier households in settlements nearer to urban areas consume more bush-meat), and even hunting for the international trade in bush-meat. In Brazil, subsistence hunting is not technically illegal and is allowed on Indigenous Lands and poor rural areas as a means to ensure the rights of indigenous populations (traditional hunting) and to improve food security of rural people living in poverty. However, due to the current illegality of commercial hunting and the bureaucratic hurdles to officially register as a subsistence hunter, it is difficult to get accurate figures on the prevalence, geographic distribution or temporal trends of these activities. This is further complicate by poor management and enforcement with clear implications for wildlife, especially game species (Peres and Nascimento, 2006). Moreover, there is evidence that subsistence hunting is increasingly being coupled with commercial hunting as an alternative income source. For example, van Vliet et al. (2015) used questionnaires to reveal how urban hunters in the Amazon hunt for both subsistence and trade. Subsistence hunting and poverty should also be placed in the context of recent social changes. On one hand, the massive federally funded social programmes introduced in the early 2000s in Brazil (i.e. Programa Bolsa Família) have hugely improved the income of poor rural residents, potentially decreasing the ‘need’ to hunt for food. For example, Barboza et al. (2016) showed that the preference for bush-meat over livestock displayed by rural residents in northeast Brazil was more a matter of taste than a dietary necessity. In this region, preferences for wild meat are also traditionally shaped by climate since drought periods make bush-meat the only sources of protein due to crop losses and starvation of livestock and small domestic animals. Urbanization also contributed to change dietary habits and lifestyles blurring the distinction between urban and rural contexts and making processed and industrialized foodstuff more available and affordable even for traditional communities living in the most remote villages (Nardoto et al., 2011). Global urbanization processes are also contributing to changes in human values. For example, in some parts of the World the demand for wild animal products is escalating, driven by wealthier urban individuals who view bush-meat as a status symbol (Drury, 2011, East et al., 2005, Zhang et al., 2008). This situation is especially recognizable in the Brazilian Amazon, where several species such as, for example, the giant river turtle (Podocnemis expansa), have been transformed from a subsistence food for riverine people into a delicacy for high society (Schneider et al., 2011). Other studies point to how cultural drivers are key factors in shaping diet preferences and food-related behaviours of urban dwellers, cautioning about the increasing demand for bush-meat in Amazonian towns (Morsello et al., 2015). Globalization has also increased the availability of modern weapons and accessories in remote areas, making hunting and trading strategies more efficient (e.g. mobile phones, etc.) and encouraging illegal commercial hunting and trade. In this context, hunting might no longer be driven by basic needs, but may increasingly become a recreational and/or commercial activity. This is certainly true in developed countries such as the United States where social welfare has dramatically reduced the necessity to hunt for poor rural residents, but where wildlife law violation occurs for diverse reasons including (among others) economic gain and recreational satisfaction (Eliason, 2004). Self-actualization also plays an important role in shaping human behaviour (Maslow, 1943). It is often overlooked that many people hunt and fish because they enjoy it (recreational satisfaction) and such enjoyment is by no means limited to financially privileged and fully licensed individuals in developed countries (Sharp and Wollscheid, 2009). Sport hunters may also be motivated by social relations and the sense of belonging to a group or club (formal or informal). The latter is partially considered in Brazilian law which demands that each sport hunter must be affiliated to a registered shooting club. Hunting can be also practiced to gain prestige and to strengthen social relationships in small communities (Morsello et al., 2015). In Brazil, sport hunting is further perceived by some as having a noble status, reminding citizens of their colonial heritage (Nassaro, 2011). Moreover, recreational hunting may be a symbol of power and immunity from the law, especially for those people that have legal permission to possess firearms (i.e. police officers, security guards, members of shooting clubs). The widespread acceptance of hunting as a recreational activity has broadly decreased in industrialized and urbanized contemporary societies since the early 1970s in response to shifting ethical and moral attitudes to human relationships with nature (McLeod, 2007, Peterson, 2004). Such concerns can make it difficult to legitimize hunting as a sport and/or as a component of a broader conservation strategy (Batavia et al., 2018, Fischer et al., 2013). For example, animal rights activists may (reluctantly) accept killing animals for subsistence and food provisioning, but may be absolutely opposed to hunting for ‘fun’. Such attitudes may be in direct opposition to natural resource managers who recognize the role of recreational hunters in generating broader wildlife conservation and collective economic benefits and who seek to integrate their knowledge and rights into wildlife management policies (Dickson, 2009, Van de Pitte, 2003). In Brazil, mass media (magazines, newspapers, television and radio) has played a key role in changing public perceptions about hunting since the early 1980s by increasingly associating hunting and hunters with serious environmental problems (i.e. deforestation of the Amazon, biodiversity loss, etc.). As a result, Brazilian public opinion has been increasingly polarized among pro- and anti-hunting factions (Fernandes-Ferreira, 2014). This was clearly reflected in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where animal rights activists and environmentalists co-opted a pro-environmental argument (lead contamination caused by the release of ammunition) to suspend sport hunting in the only region where it had been successfully implemented and managed since the 1970s (Lau, 2016). Indeed, it has been persuasively argued that sport hunting in Rio Grande do Sul contributed to: (i) protecting species (Nascimento and Antas, 1995); (ii) testing new management schemes (Efe et al., 2005); and (iii) generating information about the routes of migratory birds and, more generally, the spatial distribution of key species (Nascimento et al., 2000). Outside of the now defunct example of Rio Grande do Sul, sport hunting in Brazil has been largely unregulated. There is also evidence that illegal sport hunting is growing across the country. El Bizri et al. (2015) detected an increase in posting of videos on YouTube related to sport hunting, identifying the hunters as predominantly wealthier urban residents and descendants of European countries. This pattern may be partially explained in terms of Brazilian urban residents who have recently migrated from rural areas and are still maintaining their rural identity. It is worth noting that many hunters have both a strong knowledge about game species and their ecology, and a deep relationship with landscapes and prey. In Brazil, ethnozoological studies have started to reveal the enormous value of this type of knowledge and its potential utility for improving biodiversity conservation and wildlife management (Alves, 2012). The majority of these studies have been in the Northeast region (Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil) where hunting pressure is higher (Fernandes-Ferreira, 2014) and where hunting is a strongly embedded cultural practice (Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Hunting might be so deeply culturally embedded that people disregard the law en masse. In other words, a law loses force (and is ignored) when it is perceived as criminalizing behaviours that fall within social norms. Geographically localized social surveys suggest that unregulated hunting is a common practice in many rural regions of different Brazilian ecoregions (Fernandes-Ferreira et al., 2012, Fernandes-Ferreira and Nóbrega Alves, 2017, Gama et al., 2016, Teixeira et al., 2014). Moreover, illegal trapping/hunting of wildlife is often socially acceptable (Alves et al., 2009, Morcatty and Valsecchi, 2015) and frequently practiced even inside and surrounding protected areas (de Carvalho and Morato, 2013, Ferreira and Freire, 2009). Despite very limited resources, seizures of wild animals in Brazil are frequent and probably represent the tip of a very large ‘iceberg’ (de Azevedo Chagas et al., 2015). Ineffective enforcement of environmental policies in Brazil is also a major limitation, since it does not obviously contribute to increased compliance or behavioural change (Barreto et al., 2009, da Silva and Bernard, 2016). Moreover, corruption is perceived by many Brazilians as the main cause of poor enforcement of environmental laws (Aklin et al., 2014). Ultimately, illegal hunting in Brazil is similar to many other regions of the world, being characterized by considerable overlap between hunting for subsistence, for income generation, and for recreation (Loveridge et al., 2006, Morsello et al., 2015, Sánchez-Mercado et al., 2016). Other less common motivations may include thrill killing, trophy poaching, protection of self and property (human-wildlife conflicts), poaching to assert a traditional right and as a form of protest against a disputed regulation (Muth and Bowe, 1998) or a conservation policy (Mischi, 2012). In other words, there are multiple possible reasons for the high level of non-compliance with hunting regulations in Brazil and very little data on which to base a robust and well-targeted policy response. In such circumstances it is important to return to first principles, using multiple sources of data to identify which suite of policy measures may be most appropriate in any given cultural context. Policy options and recommendations In situations where an illegal activity is very widely practiced and culturally embedded, an obvious and potentially politically attractive solution would be to revoke the laws or decriminalize the behaviour. This is partially what the new legal amendment (see above) is proposing for commercial hunting. Nonetheless, a radical change such as this could have unintentional consequences for overexploited species, altering population and ecological dynamics and ultimately affecting ecosystem functions and services. This may be particular true in many tropical and subtropical regions (i.e. rainforests) where population densities of larger species are typically low (Roper, 2006) and illegal hunting remains one of the main impacts driving species’ extinction (Bodmer et al., 1997, Corlett, 2007, Laurance et al., 2006). In this context, legislators and the Brazilian society more generally should strategically evaluate the trade-off between decriminalizing some types of hunting and preserving biodiversity, i.e. to what extent a social group (i.e. hunters) could be benefited (and thereby “decriminalized”) over the common right to preserve a species, an ecosystem or an ecological function. Solving this ethical question in Brazil is by no means straightforward, especially in the current climate of divided public opinion and the absence of comprehensive information about hunting and its consequences. Assuming that some citizens choose not to hunt (or hunt less frequently) due to fear of prosecution, decriminalization of some types of hunting could significantly increase hunting pressure in some areas and for some species. Nevertheless, we would argue that relatively minor changes to legislation might be sufficient to improve monitoring, discriminating distinct types of hunting and hunters, and bringing more hunters into existing legal structures. We strongly advocate a more flexible, open-minded and scientifically-driven approach by policy-makers, protected area managers, environmental activists and animal defenders, and generally recommend the adoption of one or more of the following options depending on the specific cultural and environmental context: (i) simplifying the process to become an officially registered subsistence hunter; (ii) expanding participation in licensing schemes; (iii) linking hunting to community-based wildlife management programmes; (iv) introducing alternative livelihoods in areas with high levels of illegal subsistence hunting; (v) modifying hunting supply chains through substitution; (vi) trialling broad-based education and social marketing campaigns aimed at key demographics. Policy options (i) to (iii) can be applied where hunting is considered desirable and needs to carefully regulated and monitored. Policy options (iv) to (vi) are applicable to situations where illegal hunting needs to be controlled or where hunting pressure needs to be reduced. Simplifying the process to become an officially registered subsistence hunter Brazil is famous for its complex bureaucracy, and any changes in hunting legislation would ideally be accompanied by a streamlining of legal processes. An obvious starting point would be to simplify the procedure to become a subsistence hunter and to clearly define the criteria (e.g. minimum body size, hunting seasons, sustainable quotas, etc.) to limit overexploitation and defaunation. Of course, establishing more rigorous criteria for subsistence hunting may not completely reduce human pressure, though it could considerably improve monitoring and may generate a small amount of funds and information about species biology and population dynamics. Considering the mega-biodiverse status of Brazil, suitable data should be gathered for target species, habitats and biomes (i.e. Amazon, Pantanal, Atlantic rainforest). An example of the type of data needed was documented by Jerozolimski and Peres (2003), who showed that mammal species above about 6.5 kg are the preferred quarry of subsistence hunters in neotropical forests of the Southern Amazon. Similarly, Parry et al. (2009) demonstrated that subsistence hunters of Brazilian Amazon preferred primary forest because requiring the lowest catch-per-unit-effort and allowing other traditional extractive activities. Although this may translate into greater pressure on many large vertebrates, regulating such subsistence hunting in primary forests may help contain large-scale deforestation by requiring a greater integration with other conservation and land-use policies (e.g. Forest Code, Protected Areas planning, etc.). There may also be lack of institutional flexibility making it difficult to drive through changes that challenge long established protocols and mind-sets within regulatory bodies such as the Brazilian Institute for the Environment (IBAMA). Following a broader decentralization process (since 2011), legal responsibility for surveillance and enforcement of administrative penalties involving flora, fauna and environmental licensing has been transferred from federal (IBAMA) to state and municipal environmental agencies (Lei Complementar 140). Considering the uneven institutional capacity across the country (see for example Sánchez, 2013, Malhado et al., 2017), several states and/or municipalities may be not prepared to implement an enforcement system for controlling hunting due to local political pressures, corruption and technical and financial constraints. In this context, a blanket loosening hunting legislation across the country would be impractical. Moreover, given Brazil's drawn-out economic crisis and the bleak prognosis for economic growth in the medium term, the more likely scenario is that federal and state budgets will be frozen or even reduced, further depleting resources for monitoring and enforcement. Expanding participation in licensing schemes If hunting is legalized in Brazil – as proposed by some political projects – one of the main challenges will be to create a system of licencing of sites and individuals. Such schemes are extremely effective for improving monitoring and may also provide considerable income for conservation and wildlife management. For example, a quantitative study from the United States estimated that in 2011 hunters spent $796 million on licenses and permits, and that state and provincial agencies were able to invest this money to restore and manage wildlife and habitats, monitor and study populations, maintain access to lands for public recreation, build shooting ranges, and support hunter education programmes (Arnett and Southwick, 2015). Nevertheless, the feasibility of expanding licensing schemes for sport hunting in Brazil will depend upon the size of the market and, specifically, whether it would be large enough to generate significant income for management and conservation (Roper, 2006). Lack of institutional capacity (see above) may be also critical to ensure effective enforcement and control. Another potential challenge to expanding licensed hunting in Brazil is that private hunting reserves require a high social acceptability, and would therefore be restricted to regions where recreational hunting already has high levels of public support (e.g. the southern states of Brazil). In this context, developing ethical codes regulating recreational hunting behaviours could both increase the social legitimacy of sport hunting and establish a set of behavioural norms for Brazilian hunters. Expanding participation in licenced hunting could also be achieved by coupling hunting with tourism, a strategy that has sometimes been effective in southern Africa (Di Minin et al., 2016, Naidoo et al., 2016) where big game animals are a sufficiently strong draw to attract foreign tourists. However, such schemes typically have a weak impact on illegal hunting (Mateo-Tomás et al., 2015) and in many developing countries they are often linked to corrupt practices (Leader-Williams et al., 2009). Also, the lack of social and ecological data in Brazil means that prioritizing areas for implementation of such schemes would not be straightforward. A good starting point would be to identify regions where high recreational hunting value species occur (cf. Correia et al., 2016) and where ecotourism enterprises are already well-established (e.g. the Pantanal). Pilot areas could then be identified among PAs designated for sustainable use, such as Extractive Reserves (Reservas Extrativistas). In Zambia, similar types of areas have been shown to be more profitable for trophy hunting, while also acting as “wildlife sources” for restocking game populations (Naughton-Treves et al., 2005). Another area where licencing could be expanded with potentially positive consequences for conservation is hunting to control invasive species, especially given the widespread presence of non-native species in otherwise conserved areas (Pedrosa et al., 2015, Sampaio and Schmidt, 2014). However, if hunting is to be considered as an acceptable strategy for controlling invasive species, public attitudes may need to be seriously considered. Hunting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) has been introduced in South Brazil for population control and it is regulated by a National Plan (Plano nacional de prevenção, controle e monitoramento do Javali no Brasil). However, there are strongly divergent opinions on this practice. In the Pantanal, local people value pig hunting as a highly traditional activity, and seem to prefer hunting feral pigs with positive consequences for native wildlife (Desbiez et al., 2011, Harris et al., 2005). However, in other regions of southern Brazil (e.g. São Paulo State) wild pig hunting has already been banned, and its return is very unlikely in the face of pressure from animal rights activists. In this case, demonstrating the benefits of hunting for controlling wildlife populations and protecting native wildlife may be not enough to increase public acceptability and additional measures such as the development of ethical hunting codes that address the concerns of local citizens may also be required. Expanding participation in licensing schemes would greatly facilitate monitoring. Despite the requirement of Brazilian Wildlife Protection Law for collecting data on population dynamics and monitoring wildlife to establish sustainable wildlife management practices, scientific information is very patchy for potential target species (Roper, 2006). It is possible that local and traditional knowledge about key species could be combined with scientific data to reduce this shortfall (see Van Holt et al., 2010), though this would create a new set of challenges. Moreover, increasing participation in licenced schemes would, in isolation, be insufficient to effectively control hunting pressure. To do this, a more comprehensive approach would be required that carefully demarcated licensed hunting areas, invested in enforcement and, where appropriate, introduced bag limits and off-seasons according to the specific characteristics of each biome and its wildlife populations. Linking hunting to community-based wildlife management programmes Another potential approach to regulate hunting is by closely linking the practice to well-designed community-based wildlife management programmes (Campos-Silva and Peres, 2016). There have been several successful examples of sustainable use and population recovery of aquatic megafauna in the Amazon adopting a community-based management approach, notably the recovery of the giant Arapaima which was almost extinct in many Amazon floodplains (Castello et al., 2009, Petersen et al., 2016) and the associated increase in many other overexploited freshwater species with natural and economic value (Arantes and Freitas, 2016). Besides its clear conservation value, this management scheme has also proven effective in alleviating poverty, improving welfare, social security and social capital of local communities (Campos-Silva and Peres, 2016). Similar schemes that directly involve local communities could potentially be implemented and tested for the management of game species in other Brazilian biomes, especially where the presence of indigenous people and traditional communities is still high (e.g. Pantanal). Introducing alternative livelihoods in areas with high levels of illegal subsistence hunting The above proposals are based on the proposition that the best way to control hunting is to officially recognize it as a legitimate practice and to adaptively control it through regulation and monitoring. However, in many parts of Brazil it may be both socially desirable and environmentally preferable to focus on reducing hunting pressure (legal and illegal). An obvious way to do this is to address the ultimate drivers of subsistence hunting, such as rural poverty. Poor people in rural areas of developing countries often bear the main costs of conservation initiatives, both directly in terms of unfair distribution of benefits and indirectly from the opportunity cost of land and resource uses foregone (Roe and Elliott, 2006). Living with wildlife often represents a further threat to their lives and livelihoods (e.g. crop destruction, disease risks and livestock predation) (Spiteri and Nepal, 2008). This is part of the rationale for integrating poverty reduction goals into conservation policies in many developing countries through strategies such as pro-poor wildlife tourism, community based wildlife management, sustainable ‘bush-meat’ management, pro-poor conservation, and integrated conservation and development projects. African countries have been particularly targeted by projects aiming at introducing alternative livelihoods for reducing the dependence of local communities on natural resources and bush-meat. Nevertheless, information on the general success of such projects on illegal hunting is very limited and narrow (SCBD, 2011), with success largely dependent on specific institutional, ecological and developmental conditions (Adams et al., 2004, Sanderson and Redford, 2004). A feasible starting point for assessing alternative livelihood policy options in Brazil would be to conduct pilot studies and test alternative schemes. Such a strategy would require, as a pre-requisite, detailed information on the socioeconomic drivers of hunting and bush-meat consumption in key areas and regions. For example, recent studies based on interviews with hunters and local people in Northeast Brazil showed that hunted species included mammals for bush-meat, birds for pets and commerce and reptiles for zootherapy and control hunting (Alves et al., 2012, de Souza and Alves, 2014, Fernandes-Ferreira et al., 2012, Pereira and Schiavetti, 2010). In similar context, promoting small-scale projects close to wildlife areas to integrate family income through, for example, honey production, crafts production, nurseries and food-crop production has been demonstrated a successful alternative to alleviate hunting pressures and diminish food insecurity (Lindsey et al., 2013). Another option aimed at alleviating poverty and reducing bush-meat hunting is the adoption of a local business-based approach such as the Community Markets for Conservation project (COMACO) developed with local communities surrounding national parks in Zambia (Lewis et al., 2011). COMACO creates networks of rural trading, training targeted households (the least food-secure people and illegal wildlife poachers) in sustainable agricultural practices and rewarding them with premium prices for their produce, turning it into high-value food products which a social enterprise sold across the country. Such a model could be tested, for example, in areas surrounding natural reserves in Northeast Brazil where there is the greatest pressure on wildlife and where there are low levels of food security due to the extreme climatic conditions and the high levels of social acceptability towards exploitative illegal activities (Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Modifying hunting supply chains through substitution Another way to reduce hunting pressure is to remove some of the financial incentives for hunting and wildlife trade by modifying supply chains. There is good evidence from other parts of the world that captive breeding can reduce the demand for wild caught birds (Jepson and Ladle, 2005, Jepson and Ladle, 2009). However, breeding expertise takes time to build up and may be slow to generate economic returns. Moreover, the existence of a black market (in wild-caught birds, for example) could undermine new business ventures. Although captive breeding or ranching is unlikely to work for popular Brazilian bush-meat species such as armadillos, it may be viable for species such as the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) where there is both global expertise and an abundance of successful and economically viable interventions on closely related species (Gelabert et al., 2017, Nickum et al., 2018). Finally, there may be considerable bureaucratic hurdles that need to be overcome – Nogueira and Nogueira-Filho (2011) highlight the potential difficulties involved in engaging governmental and/or non-governmental agencies to support the captive rearing of peccaries in the neotropics. Changing cultural attitudes to hunting A more ambitious and potentially far-reaching approach to Brazil's hunting problem would be to change the culture of illegal hunting in rural Brazil through education and social marketing campaigns. While education-based interventions are more effective in changing opinions of unformed people or individuals with scarce knowledge about conservation (Leisher et al., 2012), social marketing campaigns could primarily play a key role and driving changes on individual behaviours when social norms and taboo are critical behavioural drivers (Veríssimo et al., 2012). The high levels of smart phone use and internet coverage in Brazil mean that there are ample opportunities for public outreach through social networks and judicious use of celebrity endorsements. There is also scope for aligning anti-hunting campaigns with more visible public concerns, especially related to diet and health (Challender and MacMillan, 2014). For example, recent studies in Vietnam advocate the use of customer-target campaigns as a long-term strategy to deter wild products consumption and trade (Drury, 2011, Shairp et al., 2016). The recent mosquito-borne zika and yellow fever outbreaks have sensitized the Brazilian public to the dangers of animal-borne diseases. The threat of zoonoses such as Leprosy (potentially caught from armadillos and monkeys), Chagas disease (armadillos), psittacosis (macaws) and leptospirosis (wide variety of mammals) could potentially be used to illustrate the public health dangers associated with the handling and eating of wild birds and mammals (Gruber, 2017). At the same time citizens should be further informed and became more aware about the environmental impact of intensive livestock production since changes in animal product consumption (wildlife meat vs. industrial livestock products) may have harmful consequences on the environment, ultimately contributing, for example, to increase deforestation and water consumption (Abbasi and Abbasi, 2016). Conclusions Debating an issue such as hunting in Brazil will be not straightforward until we have accurate data on its prevalence, and geographic and temporal trends and we understand why people are hunting. Nevertheless, there are several general principles that can be immediately applied. Firstly, due to its continental size and diversity, wildlife management and hunting in Brazil needs to be geographically and social-context specific (e.g. bird trapping for the cage bird trade in northeast Brazil, jaguar hunting by farmers in the Pantanal and Amazon, armadillo hunting for food in the Cerrado). Secondly, different types of hunting need to be clearly defined, assessed and regulated according to context, evaluating likely threats and considering different policy options (see Table 1). Finally, the gap between scientific evidence and policy decisions should be closed (see Azevedo-Santos et al., 2017), including the political will to develop legal instruments integrating different policy sectors (e.g. establishing some experimental management programmes in protected areas, assessing the environmental effects of social and poverty alleviation policies, establishing land-use based strategies, etc.). Achieving any of these actions requires increased investment in research and the generation of evidence-based support for effective managing wildlife. More efforts are also required for promoting education and human conservation management, assessing the sociocultural viability of legal hunting and identifying the social value of native species and biomes, by incorporating human dimensions into wildlife management. Finally, appropriate policy options unquestionably require being broadly and democratically debated and decided, avoiding top-down bureaucratic approaches and political manoeuvres using pseudoscientific promises to please privileged lobbies and/or deliver short-term mandates.

Post: 15 May 22:13

Driven Hunts in South Africa: A Hunter's Guide South Africa's diverse landscapes and abundant wildlife make it a prime destination for hunters worldwide. While spot-and-

Driven Hunts in South Africa: A Hunter's Guide South Africa's diverse landscapes and abundant wildlife make it a prime destination for hunters worldwide. While spot-and-stalk methods are popular, driven hunts offer a different kind of adrenaline rush, testing your reflexes and shooting skills. What is a Driven Hunt? In a driven hunt, beaters (often local trackers) move through a designated area, pushing animals toward a line of strategically positioned hunters. This creates fast-paced shooting opportunities as animals break cover. Common Quarry Impala: A staple of South African hunting, known for its agility and alertness. Wildebeest: Both blue and black wildebeest are common targets, offering a challenging shot due to their size and speed. Blesbok: A medium-sized antelope with a distinctive white blaze on its face. Kudu: While often hunted via spot-and-stalk, kudu can also be taken in driven hunts, requiring quick target acquisition. Bush Pig: A challenging quarry because of their nocturnal behavior. Other: Depending on the region, you might also encounter warthog, eland, or even smaller game like duiker. Season The hunting season in South Africa typically runs from May to September, coinciding with the drier, cooler months. This period offers better visibility and more comfortable hunting conditions. Tactics and Firearms Positioning: Hunters are typically stationed in elevated blinds or on the ground along game trails. Shooting: Quick target acquisition and accurate shot placement are crucial. Expect fast-moving targets at varying distances. Firearms: Rifles: Bolt-action rifles in calibers like .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield, or 7x64 are well-suited for most game. Shotguns: Shotguns are best for the driven hunt. Use buckshot for close-range shots on smaller game. Where to Hunt Limpopo Province: Known for its diverse game populations and professional hunting outfitters. Eastern Cape: Offers a mix of terrain and a variety of huntable species. North West Province: A popular destination with a good infrastructure for hunting tourism. Cost Considerations Driven hunts are typically priced per day or per animal. Expect to pay: Daily Rates: R1000-R5000 per hunter per day Trophy Fees: Vary significantly depending on the species and size of the animal. Trophy Handling Your outfitter will typically handle the skinning, salting, and initial preparation of your trophies. You can then choose to have them mounted locally or shipped to your home country for mounting. Important Considerations Fitness: Be prepared for some walking, especially when moving between hunting locations. Regulations: Ensure you are familiar with South African hunting regulations and have the necessary permits. Outfitter Selection: Choose a reputable outfitter with experience in driven hunts. Safety: Always follow your guide's instructions and prioritize safe gun handling practices. Driven hunts in South Africa offer a thrilling and memorable hunting experience. With careful planning and the right preparation, you can increase your chances of success and create lasting memories. https://m.uh.app/news/elephant-hunting-in-botswana-a-hunters-guide-botswana-known-for-its_ZveaUPRiEe-Oxo9gynE2Kg

Post: 27 February 19:57

Fortuna 50L3S Thermal Scope Review Having used the Fortuna 50L3S thermal scope over the past few months, I feel equipped to offer a detailed review that encompasses bot

Fortuna 50L3S Thermal Scope Review Having used the Fortuna 50L3S thermal scope over the past few months, I feel equipped to offer a detailed review that encompasses both its strengths and weaknesses. Pros: Excellent Image Clarity: One of the standout features of the Fortuna 50L3S is its impressive image quality. The thermal resolution is quite high, providing sharp and clear imagery even in low-light conditions. This has significantly enhanced my ability to identify targets at greater distances, making it ideal for both hunting and surveillance applications. User-Friendly Interface: The setup process was straightforward, and the user interface is intuitive. Navigating through the various settings and modes is seamless, allowing even beginners to get accustomed to it quickly. Durability: The build quality is robust and designed to withstand rough handling and adverse weather. This level of durability assures me that I can rely on the scope in challenging conditions, whether it's heavy rain or extreme cold. Multiple Reticle Options: The availability of various reticle styles and colors is a thoughtful feature. It allows users to customize their shooting experience based on personal preferences and environmental factors, enhancing targeting precision. Battery Life: The battery life is commendable; I have yet to experience unexpected shutdowns during extended use. This reliability is crucial, especially during night hunts or prolonged activities. Cons: Price Point: One of the primary drawbacks of the Fortuna 50L3S is its cost. It is on the higher end of the thermal scope market, which may not be justifiable for casual users or those on a tight budget. This could limit its accessibility to a broader audience. Weight: While the scope is built robustly, it does add noticeable weight to the rifle. For extended hunts, this can become cumbersome and may require additional consideration for those who opt for lighter setups. Limited Field of View: While the zoom capabilities are impressive, the field of view can feel somewhat restrictive, particularly at higher magnifications. This can make it challenging to track moving targets effectively. Adjustment Lag: A minor complaint is that there can be a slight delay when adjusting settings or switching modes. This is not a dealbreaker, but it might be inconvenient in fast-paced situations where quick changes are necessary. Learning Curve for Advanced Features: While the basic interface is user-friendly, some of the advanced features can be complicated to master. Users who wish to utilize all the capabilities might need to spend additional time understanding the manual or experimenting with settings. Conclusion: Overall, the Fortuna 50L3S thermal scope is a powerful tool packed with impressive features that cater to serious users. Its excellent image quality, durability, and user-friendly design are significant advantages that can enhance your shooting experience. #Fortuna50L3S #ThermalScope #Hunt

Post: 17 December 21:29

🦌 Top Hunting Tips & Tricks for a Successful Season! 🦌 Hey hunters! Whether you’re a seasoned pro or just starting out, these tips will help you make the most of your

🦌 Top Hunting Tips & Tricks for a Successful Season! 🦌 Hey hunters! Whether you’re a seasoned pro or just starting out, these tips will help you make the most of your hunting adventures: 1. Know Your Area: Scout your hunting grounds before the season starts. Look for signs of animal activity and plan your spots accordingly. 2. Play the Wind: Always hunt with the wind in your favor to avoid being detected by your scent. 3. Stay Quiet: Move slowly and quietly. Animals have keen senses and can detect even the slightest noise. 4. Use the Right Gear: Make sure your equipment is in top shape. Practice with your bow or rifle to ensure accuracy. 5. Scent Control: Use scent-free soaps and sprays to minimize your scent. Deer have an incredible sense of smell! 6. Be Patient: Hunting requires patience. Stay still and be ready to wait for the perfect shot. 7. Safety First: Always follow safety guidelines. Wear blaze orange during firearm seasons and let someone know your hunting plans. Happy hunting and stay safe out there! 🏹🌲

Post: 12 September 17:02

🌿 Protect Our Wildlife: Ethical Hunting Matters 🌿 Hunting has a long tradition and can play a crucial role in wildlife conservation when done ethically. Let’s ensure ou

🌿 Protect Our Wildlife: Ethical Hunting Matters 🌿 Hunting has a long tradition and can play a crucial role in wildlife conservation when done ethically. Let’s ensure our actions today protect the wildlife for future generations. 🦌🦅 🔸 Respect the Hunt: Always follow local regulations and guidelines. Ethical hunting means respecting the animals and their habitats. 🔸 Conservation Efforts: Did you know that responsible hunting contributes to conservation funds? These funds help maintain healthy wildlife populations and habitats. 🔸 Educate and Advocate: Share your knowledge about ethical hunting practices and the importance of wildlife protection. Together, we can make a difference. 🔸 Leave No Trace: Always clean up after yourself. Protect the environment by leaving it better than you found it. Join us in promoting ethical hunting and wildlife conservation. Let’s be stewards of the land and protectors of our precious wildlife. 🌍💚

Post: 9 September 17:14

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