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🏹 Attention hunters! Whether you're a seasoned pro or just starting out, having the right equipment can make all the difference in your hunting experience. Let's explore

🏹 Attention hunters! Whether you're a seasoned pro or just starting out, having the right equipment can make all the difference in your hunting experience. Let's explore some must-have gear for your next adventure in the wild! 🌲🦌​ 1. Reliable Firearms or Bows Choose a weapon that suits your hunting style and target game. Remember, practice makes perfect! 🎯​ 2. Quality Optics Invest in good binoculars and scopes to spot your prey from afar. Clear vision is key! 👀​ 3. Camouflage Clothing Blend in with your surroundings using appropriate camo patterns. Stay hidden, stay successful! 🌿​ 4. Hunting Backpack A durable, comfortable pack to carry your essentials. Don't forget water and snacks! 🎒​ 5. Navigation Tools GPS devices or good old maps and compass. Always know your way in and out! 🧭​ Remember, responsible hunting is about respecting nature and following local regulations. What's your go-to hunting gear? Share in the comments below!

Post: 20 August 11:51

Essential Hunting Gear for Beginners: What You Need for Your First Hunt Embarking on your first hunting trip is an exciting milestone—but without the right gear, it can

Essential Hunting Gear for Beginners: What You Need for Your First Hunt Embarking on your first hunting trip is an exciting milestone—but without the right gear, it can quickly turn into a frustrating experience. Whether you’re heading into the woods for deer, elk, or turkey, having the proper equipment is crucial for safety, success, and comfort. This guide breaks down the essential hunting gear for beginners, helping you pack smart and hunt confidently. --- Why Gear Matters for First-Time Hunters Hunting isn’t just about the weapon—it’s about preparation, endurance, and adaptability. The right gear: • Keeps you safe in unpredictable environments • Helps you stay comfortable during long hours outdoors • Increases your chances of spotting and harvesting game • Ensures compliance with local hunting laws --- Clothing & Footwear: Dress for Success Layering System • Base Layer: Moisture-wicking (e.g., merino wool or synthetic) • Mid Layer: Insulating fleece or wool • Outer Layer: Waterproof and windproof jacket and pants Boots • Waterproof and insulated • Good ankle support and traction • Break them in before your hunt to avoid blisters Blaze Orange Required in many states for visibility. A vest and hat are often mandatory during firearm seasons. --- Weapon & Ammunition Rifle or Bow Choose based on: • Game species (e.g., .243 Win for deer, .270 or .30-06 for elk) • Local regulations • Your comfort and experience level Ammo or Arrows • Match to your weapon and target species • Soft-point bullets or broadhead arrows for ethical kills --- Optics & Scouting Tools • Binoculars: Spot game from a distance • Rangefinder: Estimate shooting distance accurately • Rifle Scope: Improves precision, especially in low light • Trail Cameras: Monitor game movement before your hunt --- Navigation & Safety Navigation Tools • GPS device or hunting app (e.g., onX Hunt) • Compass and physical map as backup • Trail markers or flagging tape First Aid Kit Include: • Bandages, antiseptic, gauze • Pain relievers, antihistamines • Blister treatment and tweezers Emergency Gear • Headlamp with extra batteries • Firestarter (matches, lighter, or magnesium stick) • Space blanket or emergency bivvy --- Game Calls & Scent Control • Calls: Species-specific (e.g., grunt tubes for deer, box calls for turkey) • Scent Control: Sprays, soaps, and cover scents like pine or earth --- Field Dressing & Processing • Hunting Knife: Sharp and durable • Kill Kit: Game bags, gloves, zip ties • Multi-tool: Useful for gear fixes and camp tasks --- Backpack Essentials • Water bottle or hydration bladder • High-energy snacks (jerky, trail mix) • Tags and licenses • Extra socks and gloves • Toilet paper and hand sanitizer --- Budget-Friendly Tips You don’t need to spend thousands to get started: • Shop secondhand or borrow gear from friends H • Prioritize comfort and safety over brand names • Look for deals on last-season gear or outlet stores • Start with neutral-colored clothing if you don’t have camo --- Final Thoughts: Start Smart, Stay Safe Your first hunt should be memorable for the right reasons. By investing in essential gear and understanding your environment, you’ll set yourself up for a successful and enjoyable experience. Remember: practice with your gear before the hunt, know your local regulations, and always prioritize safety. 🧾 Beginner Hunting Gear FAQ ❓ What gear do I need for my first hunt? You’ll need: • A weapon (rifle or bow) and matching ammo • Proper clothing (layered, waterproof, blaze orange) • Boots, backpack, knife, binoculars, and a first-aid kit • Hunting license and tags --- ❓ Do I need camouflage? Not always. Camouflage helps with concealment, but blaze orange is legally required in many areas for safety during firearm seasons. --- ❓ What’s the best rifle for beginners? Popular beginner-friendly calibers include: • .243 Winchester – light recoil, great for deer • .270 Winchester or .30-06 Springfield – versatile for larger game like elk --- ❓ Can I hunt without a rangefinder? Yes, but a rangefinder improves accuracy—especially for bowhunters or long-range rifle shots. --- ❓ How do I carry everything? Use a durable hunting backpack with compartments for gear, snacks, water, and emergency supplies. --- ❓ What safety gear is essential? • First-aid kit • Headlamp • Firestarter • Navigation tools (GPS, map, compass) ❓ Do I need a hunting license for my first hunt? Yes. Every U.S. state and Canadian province requires a valid hunting license and often species-specific tags. You may also need to complete a hunter education course before applying. --- ❓ What kind of boots should I wear? Choose: • Waterproof, insulated boots for cold or wet conditions • Lightweight hiking boots for early-season or warm-weather hunts Break them in before your trip to avoid blisters. --- ❓ What should I pack for food and water? • High-protein snacks: jerky, trail mix, energy bars • Hydration: water bottle or hydration bladder • Consider a small water filter or purification tablets if you’re in remote areas. --- ❓ How do I stay scent-free? • Use scent-free soap and detergent before your hunt • Store clothes in a sealed container with pine or earth scent wafers • Apply scent-eliminating spray before heading out --- ❓ What’s a kill kit? A kill kit includes: • Game bags for clean meat transport • Gloves for field dressing • Zip ties for tagging • Wet wipes or sanitizer for cleanup --- ❓ Should I bring a GPS or use my phone? Both can work: • Smartphone apps like onX Hunt or HuntStand offer offline maps and GPS tracking • Always carry a compass and paper map as backup in case of battery failure --- ❓ How early should I scout before my hunt? Ideally: • Weeks in advance using trail cameras or glassing • Look for tracks, bedding areas, feeding zones, and travel corridors • Mark locations digitally or with flagging tape

Post: 14 August 05:37

Beretta Ultralight: Featherweight Power for Upland Bird Hunters For the upland bird hunter, every ounce counts. Hours spent traversing fields and forests demand a shotg

Beretta Ultralight: Featherweight Power for Upland Bird Hunters For the upland bird hunter, every ounce counts. Hours spent traversing fields and forests demand a shotgun that won't weigh you down. Enter the Beretta Ultralight, a 12-gauge (and occasionally 20-gauge) that redefines "carry gun" without sacrificing the performance expected from a Beretta. Why the Ultralight Stands Out: Reduced Weight, Real Impact: The Ultralight achieves its name through a meticulously engineered alloy receiver. This shaves significant weight compared to steel-framed shotguns, typically bringing the overall weight to around 6.6 pounds for a 12-gauge. This translates to less fatigue during long hunts, allowing for quicker shouldering and improved accuracy. Beretta Reliability: Don't mistake lightness for fragility. The Ultralight is still a Beretta, built with the company's renowned attention to detail and durable components. The proven Beretta action ensures reliable cycling, even in demanding field conditions. Upland Optimized: The Ultralight often features classic upland configurations: a slim forend for comfortable carry, a straight English-style stock for quick pointing, and typically shorter barrel lengths (26-28 inches) for maneuverability in dense cover. Responsive Handling: The combination of reduced weight and balanced design creates a shotgun that feels incredibly lively in the hands. This responsiveness is crucial for flushing birds, enabling quick target acquisition and accurate shots. Aesthetic Appeal: Beyond performance, the Ultralight boasts classic Beretta styling. Expect tastefully engraved receivers and well-figured walnut stocks that add to the pride of ownership. Who is it for? The Beretta Ultralight is ideal for: Dedicated Upland Hunters: Those who prioritize a lightweight shotgun for all-day comfort. Hunters Covering Significant Ground: If your hunts involve extensive walking, the Ultralight will be a welcome companion. Hunters Seeking a Classic, Refined Shotgun: Appreciate the traditional look and feel of a well-crafted over-under. Things to Consider: Recoil: While manageable, the lighter weight can result in slightly more felt recoil, especially with heavier loads. Consider using appropriate loads for your target species. Price: Beretta quality comes at a price. The Ultralight is an investment, but one that delivers long-term value. Conclusion: The Beretta Ultralight is more than just a lightweight shotgun; it's a carefully engineered tool designed to enhance the upland bird hunting experience. Its combination of weight reduction, Beretta reliability, and responsive handling makes it a top choice for hunters who demand the best. If you value comfort and performance in the field, the Ultralight deserves serious consideration. https://m.uh.app/news/finding-your-perfect-beretta-shotgun-the-hunters-guide-to-the-best_UkVv8O3EEe-tm0W5Zik9PQ

Post: 19 February 21:55

🇳🇿NOVI ZELAND u fokusu! ❗️❗️❗️❗️❗️Dobre, jednostavno sjajne vijesti! Sve više pozitivnih odgovora o vizama za naše turiste! Nudimo vam da oživite prekrasnu tradiciju,

🇳🇿NOVI ZELAND u fokusu! ❗️❗️❗️❗️❗️Dobre, jednostavno sjajne vijesti! Sve više pozitivnih odgovora o vizama za naše turiste! Nudimo vam da oživite prekrasnu tradiciju, koju je prekinuo COVID-19, letenja na Novi Zeland zbog tahra, divokoza, jelena i zadivljujućih pogleda na Milford Sound! 📊 Cijeli niz isplativih kupnji sada za tekuću sezonu: 🔵Prva i glavna ponuda 2024. godine: 2 kontejnera po cijeni jednog za 14.500 USD 🔵Drugi, najisplativiji: lov na divokoze, jeftinije nego u Španjolskoj - 5000 USD 🔵Treći, maksimalni trofej: lov na katrana i jelena (od 400 bodova) 27.500 USD. Drugi tar u ovom lovu je besplatan! 🍰 I trešnja na torti: besplatni dodatni trofeji ovna arapava, ženka divokoze i jelena lopatara, divlja koza i klokan. ✅ Sve što je planirano sada se pretvara u stvarnost!

Post: 29 May 09:32

Հայաստանում որսի սեզոնը սկսվում է օգոստոսի երրորդ շաբաթ օրվանից և տևում է մինչև փետրվարի վերջ ։ Բոլորովին վերջերս շրջակա միջավայրի նախարարությունը որոշում է կայացրել Հայ

Հայաստանում որսի սեզոնը սկսվում է օգոստոսի երրորդ շաբաթ օրվանից և տևում է մինչև փետրվարի վերջ ։ Բոլորովին վերջերս շրջակա միջավայրի նախարարությունը որոշում է կայացրել Հայաստանի տարածքում որսը թույլատրել շաբաթական ընդամենը երեք օր ՝ Չորեքշաբթի, Շաբաթ և կիրակի օրերին: Որոշումից առաջ որսը թույլատրվել էր շաբաթվա բոլոր օրերին։

Post: 13 July 10:18

Post: 26 October 13:52

Mike Chamberlain — Wild Turkey Doc, Hunting Influencer & Blogger | Wild Turkey Lab (UGA) Dr. Mike Chamberlain — National Wild Turkey Federation Distinguished Professor,

Mike Chamberlain — Wild Turkey Doc, Hunting Influencer & Blogger | Wild Turkey Lab (UGA) Dr. Mike Chamberlain — National Wild Turkey Federation Distinguished Professor, Wild Turkey Lab director, hunting Influencer and Blogger. Profile covers his hunting methods (calling, decoying, roost strategies), species focus, regions, research-driven tactics, typical gear and media outreach. Executive summary — Mike Chamberlain, the “Wild Turkey Doc” Dr. Michael J. Chamberlain is the National Wild Turkey Federation Distinguished Professor in the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia and director of the Wild Turkey Lab. He combines three decades of peer-reviewed research on wild-turkey ecology with hands-on hunting and public outreach, positioning him as a unique voice that functions both as a scientific authority and as a practical hunting Influencer and Blogger. Authority & platform Chamberlain leads the Wild Turkey Lab — a public-facing research group that translates turkey ecology and management science into actionable guidance for hunters, landowners and wildlife managers. His work is funded and amplified through partnerships with conservation organizations including the National Wild Turkey Federation; he regularly publishes outreach pieces, podcasts and video content to bridge science and practice. These outreach channels are central to his Influencer/Blogger role. How he prefers to hunt — methods informed by science Dr. Chamberlain’s field methods reflect research-driven best practices rather than stylistic preference. Common, evidence-based tactics he uses and recommends: - Calling and decoying: precise, context-sensitive calling combined with decoy setups to exploit territorial and breeding behaviors during spring gobbler season. - Roost-to-field ambushes: locating roost sites and timing approach/ambush to coincide with morning movement patterns documented in telemetry studies. - Site selection based on habitat features: selecting ambush sites using knowledge of roost locations, travel corridors and food resources derived from habitat-use research. - Low-impact, ethical approach: minimizing disturbance to nesting phenology and brood rearing—an emphasis that stems from his conservation research. - Because Chamberlain studies turkey movement, his tactical guidance stresses timing, habitat cues and ethical shot decisions over gimmicks. Which types of hunts he favors - Primary focus — spring gobbler calling and decoy hunts: his public material concentrates on spring season tactics where calling and decoy work are most effective. - Supplemental management hunts: Chamberlain participates in limited management or outreach hunts when they serve research or educational goals (for example, demonstrating sampling or telemetry techniques). - Instructional demonstrations: many of his outings are framed as live demonstrations for workshops, “Turkey Tuesday” posts and podcast episodes designed to teach hunters the science behind decisions. Where he hunts — regions and habitat Chamberlain’s practical and research work spans the eastern and southeastern United States, with field studies and examples frequently drawn from Piedmont hardwoods, forest–agriculture mosaics and southern pine–hardwood interfaces — landscapes where roosting, brood habitat and food resources interact. He also collaborates on multi-state projects, so his field guidance is applicable across broad parts of the turkey’s range. Notable outcomes & trophies Chamberlain’s public profile is not trophy-driven; instead, his documented outcomes serve as case studies that illustrate ecological principles (e.g., how nest success, predator pressure and habitat change affect populations). When harvests appear in his content they are used to demonstrate ethical shot placement, recovery protocols and how research informs season timing and management decisions. These documented hunts function as educational proof points rather than headline trophy claims. Weapons, gear and technical profile - Primary platforms: 12-gauge shotguns with appropriate chokes remain the standard for spring gobbler hunts; Chamberlain’s outreach emphasizes correct shot size/placement and safety. - Archery: where legal and relevant, archery techniques are discussed in the context of season rules and ethical engagement distances. - Field equipment: optics, decoys, slate/pot calls, rangefinders and telemetry/GPS tools for research and recovery. His public materials often highlight why equipment choices should be matched to habitat and legal constraints rather than fashion. Conclusion — practical value for hunters and managers Dr. Mike Chamberlain uniquely blends academic authority and hands-on hunting experience. As a hunting Influencer and Blogger, his content answers both how to hunt and why certain strategies work, offering evidence-based guidance that benefits hunters, landowners and wildlife managers. For editorial placement, prioritize long-form explainers that convert research findings into step-by-step seasonal tactics and link to Wild Turkey Lab resources for verification. Dr. Mike Chamberlain's Instagram (55,8k followers): @wildturkeydoc

Post: 1 October 00:32

Jagd & Hund Exhibition in Dortmund, Germany As an avid hunter, I recently had the pleasure of attending the Jagd & Hund exhibition held in Dortmund from January 28, 2025

Jagd & Hund Exhibition in Dortmund, Germany As an avid hunter, I recently had the pleasure of attending the Jagd & Hund exhibition held in Dortmund from January 28, 2025. This event was a remarkable experience for anyone who shares a passion for hunting, and I wanted to share my thoughts. First and foremost, the selection of modern hunting weapons was truly impressive. From state-of-the-art rifles to innovative shotguns, the variety on display catered to all hunting styles and preferences. I had the opportunity to handle several models, and the manufacturers were more than willing to discuss specifications, features, and the latest advancements in technology. Beyond firearms, the exhibition also showcased a stunning range of all-terrain vehicles specifically designed for hunting. These rugged machines are equipped to tackle any terrain, making them perfect companions for those long trips into the wilderness. It was fascinating to see how the automotive industry is evolving to meet the needs of hunters. Moreover, the section dedicated to taxidermy was breathtaking. I marveled at the artistry and skill showcased in creating lifelike representations of various game animals. It added a unique touch to the exhibition, highlighting the importance of ethical hunting practices and wildlife conservation. Additionally, there were various booths featuring hunting gear, clothing, and accessories, which made it easy for attendees to find everything they needed for their next hunting trip. The vibrant atmosphere and the camaraderie among fellow hunters created an unforgettable experience. In conclusion, attending the Jagd & Hund exhibition was a highlight of my hunting calendar. I left feeling inspired and more informed about the latest trends and technologies in the hunting world. If you’re passionate about hunting, this is an event you shouldn’t miss in the coming years!

Post: 31 January 22:58

🧠 Prioritizing Mental Health: A Journey to Well-being 🌟 In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, it’s easy to overlook our mental health. But taking care of our mi

🧠 Prioritizing Mental Health: A Journey to Well-being 🌟 In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, it’s easy to overlook our mental health. But taking care of our minds is just as important as taking care of our bodies. 💪💚 Whether it’s through meditation, talking to a friend, or simply taking a break, let’s make mental health a priority. Remember, it’s okay to ask for help and take time for yourself. 🌼 Share your favorite self-care tips and how you manage stress. Let’s support each other on this journey to well-being. 🏞️

Post: 13 September 19:23

Utah Hunting Seasons, 2023-2024 Utah’s hunting seasons are currently underway. The mountains of Utah represent a beautiful background for the Beehive State’s vast hunting

Utah Hunting Seasons, 2023-2024 Utah’s hunting seasons are currently underway. The mountains of Utah represent a beautiful background for the Beehive State’s vast hunting lands. The most beautiful landscapes of the United States are found in Utah’s portion of the Rocky Mountains, allowing you to explore beautiful nature and achieve a bountiful hunt. On top of the scenery, the state offers premier hunting of big game, including deer, elk, moose and bighorn sheep. Utah Deer Seasons Archery Aug. 19-Sept. 15 Muzzleloader Sept. 27-Oct. 5 Early General Season Oct. 11-15 General Season Oct. 21-29 Utah makes deer hunting easy by providing permits through it Utah Hunting and Fishing app, allowing you to purchase permits on the go before heading out to hunt. First-time hunters in the state can participate in the trial hunting program, which gives new big-game hunters the opportunity to try out the sport without taking the required Hunter Education course. For more information, visit the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources website.

Post: 1 December 10:05

Որսորդության համար մեքենա ընտրելիս պետք է հաշվի առնել մի քանի կարևոր գործոն: Նախ, դուք պետք է ընտրեք մեքենա, որն ունի լավ անցումային հնարավորություններ, քանի որ կոպիտ և ա

Որսորդության համար մեքենա ընտրելիս պետք է հաշվի առնել մի քանի կարևոր գործոն: Նախ, դուք պետք է ընտրեք մեքենա, որն ունի լավ անցումային հնարավորություններ, քանի որ կոպիտ և արտաճանապարհային ճանապարհների նվաճումն անխուսափելի կլինի: Երկրորդ կարևոր գործոնը մեքենայի տարողունակությունն է։ Ի վերջո, որսի համար անհրաժեշտ է ձեզ հետ վերցնել զենքեր, պարկուճներ, սարքավորումներ և, հնարավոր է, հրավիրված որսորդներ կամ որսի խաղ։ Ուստի մեքենան պետք է բավարար տեղ ունենա բոլոր անհրաժեշտ իրերի համար։ Պետք է ուշադրություն դարձնել նաև կրողունակությանը և զենք ու խաղ տեղափոխելու համար հատուկ ամրակներ տեղադրելու հնարավորությանը։ Կարևոր ասպեկտ է նաև շարժիչի հզորությունն ու հուսալիությունը: Այն դեպքում, երբ դուք պետք է հաղթահարեք խոչընդոտները կամ ծանր բեռներ կրեք, հզոր շարժիչն անփոխարինելի կլինի։ Հարմարավետությունն ու հարմարավետությունը նույնպես դեր են խաղում որսի համար մեքենա ընտրելիս: Հարմարավետ նստատեղերը, ուղևորների համար բավարար տարածքը և անհրաժեշտ սարքավորումներն ու հանդերձանքը տեղավորելու հնարավորությունը բոլորը կարևոր չափանիշներ են: Եվ իհարկե, մի մոռացեք մեքենայի հուսալիության և անվտանգության մասին: Այն պետք է հագեցած լինի անվտանգության համակարգերով, ինչպիսիք են ABS, ESP, Airbag և այլ ժամանակակից տեխնոլոգիաներ՝ անհրաժեշտության դեպքում հուսալի պաշտպանություն ապահովելու համար: Այսպիսով, որսի համար մեքենա ընտրելիս անհրաժեշտ է հաշվի առնել միջքաղաքային կարողությունը, հզորությունը, կրող հզորությունը, շարժիչի հզորությունը, հարմարավետությունը և անվտանգությունը: Միայն այս բոլոր գործոնները հաշվի առնելով՝ կարող եք ընտրել լավագույն մեքենան, որը լիովին կբավարարի որսորդի կարիքները։

Post: 17 July 10:19

Որսի ժամանակ շատ կարևոր է ունենալ հարմարավետ հագուստ։ Ի վերջո, երկար ժամեր են անցկացվում բնության գրկում, որտեղ պայմանները կարող են անկանխատեսելի լինել։ Հարմարավետ հագուս

Որսի ժամանակ շատ կարևոր է ունենալ հարմարավետ հագուստ։ Ի վերջո, երկար ժամեր են անցկացվում բնության գրկում, որտեղ պայմանները կարող են անկանխատեսելի լինել։ Հարմարավետ հագուստը թույլ է տալիս ազատ տեղաշարժվել՝ չսահմանափակելով ձեր գործունեությունը: Այն պետք է պաշտպանիչ լինի եղանակային պայմաններից պաշտպանվելու համար, ինչպիսիք են անձրևը, քամին կամ ցուրտը: Բացի այդ, այն պետք է ապահով լինի՝ կանխելու հնարավոր վնասվածքները կամ կտրվածքները: Որսի համար ճիշտ հագուստ ընտրելով՝ կարող եք կենտրոնանալ որսի գործընթացի վրա և առավելագույն օգուտ քաղել դրանից։

Post: 14 July 10:22

На дворе ноябрь, наступила оттепель с дождями, снег растаял, самая подходящая погода для охоты на зайца с подхода, в узёрку, ведь зайцы уже давно побелели и лежат очень плотно. В лесу черно, а заяц белый, видно его хорошо и далеко, но вот найти затаившегося зверька не так-то просто, то и дело происходят ложные подходы ко всяким белым предметам, кусок бересты, канистра, или пена с берёзы. Своего беляка я искал очень долго, но моё упорство всё же взяло верх и к концу пятого дня замелькал меж берёзовых стволов желанный трофей, но в него ещё нужно попасть! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TnhJU6xXus&ab_channel=%D0%9E%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%A0%D0%AB%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%A8%D0%95.

Post: 17 November 17:30

Тюменцам разрешили охотиться на кабанов и медведей На территории Тюменской области начался сезон охоты на кабанов, медведей и пернатую дичь. Охотиться на медведей тюменц

Тюменцам разрешили охотиться на кабанов и медведей На территории Тюменской области начался сезон охоты на кабанов, медведей и пернатую дичь. Охотиться на медведей тюменцы смогут до конца декабря, на кабанов — до 28 февраля. Сезон охоты на болотно-луговую дичь с подружейными собаками завершится 30 ноября. На степную боровую и полевую дичь можно охотиться до 10 января, на водоплавающую — до 31 декабря, сообщили в Госохотдепартаменте. Напомним, охотиться на диких животных и птицу могут только те жители региона, которые имеют охотничий билет и разрешение на отстрел. В охоте на пернатую дичь с собакой могут принимать участие не более трех охотников одновременно. Ранее сообщалось, что жители Тюменской области сообщали о встрече с медведями во время сбора грибов в начале лета. Косолапые были замечены в Нижнетавдинском районе — недалеко от села Бухтала и в Тюменском районе, около деревни Падерина.

Post: 8 August 10:48

First Nations, B.C. government move to ban black bear hunting in an effort to protect rare spirit bears Black bears in Kitasoo/Xai’xais, Gitga’at territories likeliest t

First Nations, B.C. government move to ban black bear hunting in an effort to protect rare spirit bears Black bears in Kitasoo/Xai’xais, Gitga’at territories likeliest to carry rare genetic trait, researchers say The B.C. government has banned the hunting of black bears in the territories of the Kitasoo/Xai'xais and Gitga'at First Nations in the Great Bear Rainforest, in response to a joint proposal by the nations to protect one of the rarest bear species on the planet: the spirit bear. "This is the only part of the world where you'll likely find a spirit bear," said Douglas Neasloss, co-ordinator for the Kitasoo/Xai'xais Stewardship Authority (KXSA). "Anytime someone shoots a black bear, it could be carrying that recessive gene so we wanted to see that hunt over." Spirit bears, also known as kermode bears or moksgm'ol in the Tsimshian language, are black bears with a white coat — the result of a recessive gene found in about one in 10 black bears in British Columbia's Central and North Coast regions, according to research from the University of Victoria in collaboration with the nations. The B.C. government announced the new regulations on July 1, which include stipulations on hunting closures covering 8,158 square kilometres of Kitasoo/Xai'xais and Gitga'at territories, and approximately 13 per cent of the Great Bear Rainforest. It is a region wildlife biologists say is home to the highest concentration of black bears possibly carrying the rare gene. Neasloss says this is the only part of the world where spirit bears appear. "It's just such a rare thing to see something so beautiful and white just come out of a dark green forest," he said. "It's one of the most magical things you can see." Saving bears takes a lot of gas. This B.C. rescue says it needs more funds to keep doing the work In an emailed statement to CBC News, the B.C. Ministry of Forests said the "no-hunting area expands on existing closures to cover areas where the highest concentration of genetic mutation occurs and aligns with Indigenous knowledge."

Post: 22 July 20:36

То, чего вы не знали о ночной охоте Нахождение с подветренной по отношению к зверям стороны – обязательное для выполнения условие; Необходимо обрабатывать свою одежду сп

То, чего вы не знали о ночной охоте Нахождение с подветренной по отношению к зверям стороны – обязательное для выполнения условие; Необходимо обрабатывать свою одежду специальными жидкостями, маскирующими запах человека, либо использовать специальные комбинезоны; Обязательное условие – издавать минимальное количество звуков. Тепловизоры; Приборы ночного видения; Тепловизионные бинокли; Инфракрасные осветители; Прицелы ночного видения;

Post: 20 July 10:48

Hunting in Brazil: What are the options? Abstract In Brazil most forms of hunting and keeping of wild animals are illegal, although they remain widely practiced and are

Hunting in Brazil: What are the options? Abstract In Brazil most forms of hunting and keeping of wild animals are illegal, although they remain widely practiced and are deeply culturally embedded in many regions. The drivers of such widespread non-compliance are poorly understood and evidence to support future policy decisions is generally lacking. In this paper, we seek to stimulate a critical debate on how to deal with hunting in Brazil by analysing the main factors driving non-compliance with current legislation. This is particularly timely given that several amendments to existing legislation are currently under consideration. Our analysis suggests that, while there are no simple solutions to non-compliance, a targeted suite of the following policy options could improve the monitoring, sustainability and conservation consequences of hunting in Brazil: (i) simplifying the process to become a registered subsistence hunter; (ii) expanding participation in licensing schemes; (iii) investing in pilot studies and assessing their environmental and socioeconomic impacts; (iv) expanding community-based management programmes; (v) trailing education and social marketing campaigns. These policy options are geographically and social-context specific and would be most effectively be implemented at regional or sub-regional scales. Introduction Nearly all countries have extensive legal frameworks designed to carefully regulate human interactions with the natural environment. Many of these laws have been carefully drafted to align with global treaties (such as the CBD and CITES) and specifically prohibit the over-exploitation or degradation of certain natural resources. Some countries, such as Brazil, go even further and prohibit most forms of hunting and keeping of wild animals. And yet… hunting is still remarkably widespread throughout Brazil (de Azevedo Chagas et al., 2015, El Bizri et al., 2015), prosecutions are rare (Barreto et al., 2009, Kuhnen and Kanaan, 2014) and fines resulting from prosecutions are hardly ever paid (da Silva and Bernard, 2016). Moreover, the very fact that it is illegal means that it is very hard to gather data about either the hunters or the species they are exploiting, leaving local conservation managers to make decisions in an information vacuum. According to the Wildlife Protection Law (Law No. 5197/67), wildlife hunting and trade in Brazil is criminalized. However, the current law and its subsequent revisions (Law No. 7653/88) distinguish between predatory and non-predatory hunting. The first refers to commercial hunting and poaching and is fully criminalized. In contrast, non-predatory hunting (including subsistence hunting, hunting for controlling wildlife populations, hunting for scientific purposes, and recreational/sport hunting) should be regulated, monitored and controlled. Theoretically, the only barrier to legally practice non-predatory hunting in Brazil is to obtain a license – through this process is both costly and bureaucratic (Pinheiro, 2014). Given the lack of incentives for private individuals to engage with this process, most hunting in Brazil (whether predatory or non-predatory) continues to be unregulated and illegal with significant negative consequences for animal populations, biodiversity and ecosystem processes (Antunes et al., 2016, Cullen et al., 2001, de Araujo Lima Constantino, 2016, Tabarelli et al., 2010). Recognizing the weaknesses of existing legislation, Brazil's congress is currently debating a new proposal (PL 6268/2016) which, if approved, will revoke the current Wildlife Protection Law and promote the creation of private hunting reserves. Significantly, the new proposal will not explicitly prohibit commercial hunting, and has the potential to increase wildlife trafficking and animal suffering. While supporters of the new legislation claim that it will finally regulate hunting in Brazil, many environmentalists see this as a retrograde step. Interestingly, while the new proposal was being debated, São Paulo's state government approved a law (PL299/2018) which ban all forms of wild animal keeping and hunting within the state. Such decision has direct impact on the control of the invasive wild pig in the state, which was previously regulated by a Federal Decree (Instrução Normativa Ibama 03/2013). Whether (or not) there will be a change in the federal legislation, there is a broad consensus among academics, practitioners and wildlife managers that hunting is a major conservation issue in Brazil (Fernandes-Ferreira and Nóbrega Alves, 2017, Fernandez et al., 2012). From a technical perspective, there is a general lack of data about wildlife and population dynamics in Brazil and, more generally, in Latin America (Roper, 2006). Additionally, designing effective policies to protect wildlife and manage different species across megadiverse regions spanning from semi-arid and savannah environments (Caatinga and Cerrado) to the world's largest tropical wetland area (Pantanal) is extremely challenging (Alves and Souto, 2011). To further complicate this picture, hunting is culturally discouraged in much of Brazil, especially among urban populations (Marchini and Crawshaw, 2015). In contrast, the social acceptability of hunting is usually greater in rural areas where livelihoods are traditionally more reliant on the exploitation of natural resources (Gama et al., 2016, Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Thus, the development of effective conservation strategies also requires identifying and assessing the relative importance of the factors that motivate illegal practices within specific socio-political and economic contexts (Duffy et al., 2016). Nevertheless, our understanding of why people hunt in Brazil is rudimentary a frequently anecdotal. For example, while poverty may drive subsistence hunting in some remote rural areas of poorest regions, hunting behaviour seems to cross socio-economic boundaries (El Bizri et al., 2015). Moreover, a perceived lack of enforcement could encourage non-compliance for economic gain, or even for social enjoyment and/or prestige (Regueira and Bernard, 2012). In this context, enlarging our understanding of what is driving such widespread non-compliance is an important initial step towards developing more effective policies to deal with non-compliant behaviours and better supporting wildlife management across the country. In the following article, we consider the main factors which could be driving non-compliance with hunting legislation in Brazil with the aim of stimulating a critical debate on how to deal with hunting in the future. Drivers of non-compliance with hunting legislation Perhaps the first prerequisite of compliance is being aware of rules. Ignorance of the law is among the most important drivers of non-compliance with environmental regulations (Winter and May, 2001). This might be compounded by high levels of social acceptability and participation: it could be considered rational to believe that an activity is legal if it is widely and freely practiced. Moreover, communication of legal obligations relating to hunting may be ineffective. For example, studies conducted in Nigeria (Adefalu et al., 2013) and Madagascar (Keane et al., 2011) indicate higher levels of ignorance about wildlife laws and policies among local hunters with no formal education, less educated individuals and those not involved with tourism and community-based resource management. Ignorance of hunting laws is a common reason for non-compliance, even in developed countries (Eliason, 2004), but may be especially problematic in areas where illiteracy is still high. Such a situation is prevalent in remote rural areas and poorer states of Brazil. Furthermore, even if prohibitions on hunting are recognized, some rural residents may lack a comprehensive understanding about its complex requirements and bureaucratic hurdles (i.e. the licensing system regulating non-predatory hunting) or they may associate hunting ban only inside Protected Areas (Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Additionally, education campaigns and outreach activities aimed at raising public awareness about wildlife hunting are generally rare, and/or not effectively targeted. Public debates concerning illegal exploitation of natural resources and hunting are also sporadic and commonly addressed by a mixture of academics, conservationists, decision-makers and anti-poaching activists. Poverty is another factor often considered as an underlying motivation for illegal wildlife hunting, the implication being that the rural poor are driven to hunt by the absence of livelihood alternatives and the comparatively cheap prices of wildlife products (Apaza et al., 2002, De Merode et al., 2004). However, since poor people may hunt for both subsistence (“cooking pot”) and income (“pocket book”) (Kahler and Gore, 2012), distinguishing between commercial hunting and subsistence hunting is very challenging (Duffy et al., 2016, Fa et al., 2002). In rural Africa for example, Brashares et al. (2011) showed that wildlife consumption follows a very complex rural-urban gradient that includes subsistence-based rural consumption (the poorest people from more isolated settlements consume more bush-meat), mixed subsistence-commercial hunting (small scale farmers), hunting for commercial urban markets (wealthier households in settlements nearer to urban areas consume more bush-meat), and even hunting for the international trade in bush-meat. In Brazil, subsistence hunting is not technically illegal and is allowed on Indigenous Lands and poor rural areas as a means to ensure the rights of indigenous populations (traditional hunting) and to improve food security of rural people living in poverty. However, due to the current illegality of commercial hunting and the bureaucratic hurdles to officially register as a subsistence hunter, it is difficult to get accurate figures on the prevalence, geographic distribution or temporal trends of these activities. This is further complicate by poor management and enforcement with clear implications for wildlife, especially game species (Peres and Nascimento, 2006). Moreover, there is evidence that subsistence hunting is increasingly being coupled with commercial hunting as an alternative income source. For example, van Vliet et al. (2015) used questionnaires to reveal how urban hunters in the Amazon hunt for both subsistence and trade. Subsistence hunting and poverty should also be placed in the context of recent social changes. On one hand, the massive federally funded social programmes introduced in the early 2000s in Brazil (i.e. Programa Bolsa Família) have hugely improved the income of poor rural residents, potentially decreasing the ‘need’ to hunt for food. For example, Barboza et al. (2016) showed that the preference for bush-meat over livestock displayed by rural residents in northeast Brazil was more a matter of taste than a dietary necessity. In this region, preferences for wild meat are also traditionally shaped by climate since drought periods make bush-meat the only sources of protein due to crop losses and starvation of livestock and small domestic animals. Urbanization also contributed to change dietary habits and lifestyles blurring the distinction between urban and rural contexts and making processed and industrialized foodstuff more available and affordable even for traditional communities living in the most remote villages (Nardoto et al., 2011). Global urbanization processes are also contributing to changes in human values. For example, in some parts of the World the demand for wild animal products is escalating, driven by wealthier urban individuals who view bush-meat as a status symbol (Drury, 2011, East et al., 2005, Zhang et al., 2008). This situation is especially recognizable in the Brazilian Amazon, where several species such as, for example, the giant river turtle (Podocnemis expansa), have been transformed from a subsistence food for riverine people into a delicacy for high society (Schneider et al., 2011). Other studies point to how cultural drivers are key factors in shaping diet preferences and food-related behaviours of urban dwellers, cautioning about the increasing demand for bush-meat in Amazonian towns (Morsello et al., 2015). Globalization has also increased the availability of modern weapons and accessories in remote areas, making hunting and trading strategies more efficient (e.g. mobile phones, etc.) and encouraging illegal commercial hunting and trade. In this context, hunting might no longer be driven by basic needs, but may increasingly become a recreational and/or commercial activity. This is certainly true in developed countries such as the United States where social welfare has dramatically reduced the necessity to hunt for poor rural residents, but where wildlife law violation occurs for diverse reasons including (among others) economic gain and recreational satisfaction (Eliason, 2004). Self-actualization also plays an important role in shaping human behaviour (Maslow, 1943). It is often overlooked that many people hunt and fish because they enjoy it (recreational satisfaction) and such enjoyment is by no means limited to financially privileged and fully licensed individuals in developed countries (Sharp and Wollscheid, 2009). Sport hunters may also be motivated by social relations and the sense of belonging to a group or club (formal or informal). The latter is partially considered in Brazilian law which demands that each sport hunter must be affiliated to a registered shooting club. Hunting can be also practiced to gain prestige and to strengthen social relationships in small communities (Morsello et al., 2015). In Brazil, sport hunting is further perceived by some as having a noble status, reminding citizens of their colonial heritage (Nassaro, 2011). Moreover, recreational hunting may be a symbol of power and immunity from the law, especially for those people that have legal permission to possess firearms (i.e. police officers, security guards, members of shooting clubs). The widespread acceptance of hunting as a recreational activity has broadly decreased in industrialized and urbanized contemporary societies since the early 1970s in response to shifting ethical and moral attitudes to human relationships with nature (McLeod, 2007, Peterson, 2004). Such concerns can make it difficult to legitimize hunting as a sport and/or as a component of a broader conservation strategy (Batavia et al., 2018, Fischer et al., 2013). For example, animal rights activists may (reluctantly) accept killing animals for subsistence and food provisioning, but may be absolutely opposed to hunting for ‘fun’. Such attitudes may be in direct opposition to natural resource managers who recognize the role of recreational hunters in generating broader wildlife conservation and collective economic benefits and who seek to integrate their knowledge and rights into wildlife management policies (Dickson, 2009, Van de Pitte, 2003). In Brazil, mass media (magazines, newspapers, television and radio) has played a key role in changing public perceptions about hunting since the early 1980s by increasingly associating hunting and hunters with serious environmental problems (i.e. deforestation of the Amazon, biodiversity loss, etc.). As a result, Brazilian public opinion has been increasingly polarized among pro- and anti-hunting factions (Fernandes-Ferreira, 2014). This was clearly reflected in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where animal rights activists and environmentalists co-opted a pro-environmental argument (lead contamination caused by the release of ammunition) to suspend sport hunting in the only region where it had been successfully implemented and managed since the 1970s (Lau, 2016). Indeed, it has been persuasively argued that sport hunting in Rio Grande do Sul contributed to: (i) protecting species (Nascimento and Antas, 1995); (ii) testing new management schemes (Efe et al., 2005); and (iii) generating information about the routes of migratory birds and, more generally, the spatial distribution of key species (Nascimento et al., 2000). Outside of the now defunct example of Rio Grande do Sul, sport hunting in Brazil has been largely unregulated. There is also evidence that illegal sport hunting is growing across the country. El Bizri et al. (2015) detected an increase in posting of videos on YouTube related to sport hunting, identifying the hunters as predominantly wealthier urban residents and descendants of European countries. This pattern may be partially explained in terms of Brazilian urban residents who have recently migrated from rural areas and are still maintaining their rural identity. It is worth noting that many hunters have both a strong knowledge about game species and their ecology, and a deep relationship with landscapes and prey. In Brazil, ethnozoological studies have started to reveal the enormous value of this type of knowledge and its potential utility for improving biodiversity conservation and wildlife management (Alves, 2012). The majority of these studies have been in the Northeast region (Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil) where hunting pressure is higher (Fernandes-Ferreira, 2014) and where hunting is a strongly embedded cultural practice (Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Hunting might be so deeply culturally embedded that people disregard the law en masse. In other words, a law loses force (and is ignored) when it is perceived as criminalizing behaviours that fall within social norms. Geographically localized social surveys suggest that unregulated hunting is a common practice in many rural regions of different Brazilian ecoregions (Fernandes-Ferreira et al., 2012, Fernandes-Ferreira and Nóbrega Alves, 2017, Gama et al., 2016, Teixeira et al., 2014). Moreover, illegal trapping/hunting of wildlife is often socially acceptable (Alves et al., 2009, Morcatty and Valsecchi, 2015) and frequently practiced even inside and surrounding protected areas (de Carvalho and Morato, 2013, Ferreira and Freire, 2009). Despite very limited resources, seizures of wild animals in Brazil are frequent and probably represent the tip of a very large ‘iceberg’ (de Azevedo Chagas et al., 2015). Ineffective enforcement of environmental policies in Brazil is also a major limitation, since it does not obviously contribute to increased compliance or behavioural change (Barreto et al., 2009, da Silva and Bernard, 2016). Moreover, corruption is perceived by many Brazilians as the main cause of poor enforcement of environmental laws (Aklin et al., 2014). Ultimately, illegal hunting in Brazil is similar to many other regions of the world, being characterized by considerable overlap between hunting for subsistence, for income generation, and for recreation (Loveridge et al., 2006, Morsello et al., 2015, Sánchez-Mercado et al., 2016). Other less common motivations may include thrill killing, trophy poaching, protection of self and property (human-wildlife conflicts), poaching to assert a traditional right and as a form of protest against a disputed regulation (Muth and Bowe, 1998) or a conservation policy (Mischi, 2012). In other words, there are multiple possible reasons for the high level of non-compliance with hunting regulations in Brazil and very little data on which to base a robust and well-targeted policy response. In such circumstances it is important to return to first principles, using multiple sources of data to identify which suite of policy measures may be most appropriate in any given cultural context. Policy options and recommendations In situations where an illegal activity is very widely practiced and culturally embedded, an obvious and potentially politically attractive solution would be to revoke the laws or decriminalize the behaviour. This is partially what the new legal amendment (see above) is proposing for commercial hunting. Nonetheless, a radical change such as this could have unintentional consequences for overexploited species, altering population and ecological dynamics and ultimately affecting ecosystem functions and services. This may be particular true in many tropical and subtropical regions (i.e. rainforests) where population densities of larger species are typically low (Roper, 2006) and illegal hunting remains one of the main impacts driving species’ extinction (Bodmer et al., 1997, Corlett, 2007, Laurance et al., 2006). In this context, legislators and the Brazilian society more generally should strategically evaluate the trade-off between decriminalizing some types of hunting and preserving biodiversity, i.e. to what extent a social group (i.e. hunters) could be benefited (and thereby “decriminalized”) over the common right to preserve a species, an ecosystem or an ecological function. Solving this ethical question in Brazil is by no means straightforward, especially in the current climate of divided public opinion and the absence of comprehensive information about hunting and its consequences. Assuming that some citizens choose not to hunt (or hunt less frequently) due to fear of prosecution, decriminalization of some types of hunting could significantly increase hunting pressure in some areas and for some species. Nevertheless, we would argue that relatively minor changes to legislation might be sufficient to improve monitoring, discriminating distinct types of hunting and hunters, and bringing more hunters into existing legal structures. We strongly advocate a more flexible, open-minded and scientifically-driven approach by policy-makers, protected area managers, environmental activists and animal defenders, and generally recommend the adoption of one or more of the following options depending on the specific cultural and environmental context: (i) simplifying the process to become an officially registered subsistence hunter; (ii) expanding participation in licensing schemes; (iii) linking hunting to community-based wildlife management programmes; (iv) introducing alternative livelihoods in areas with high levels of illegal subsistence hunting; (v) modifying hunting supply chains through substitution; (vi) trialling broad-based education and social marketing campaigns aimed at key demographics. Policy options (i) to (iii) can be applied where hunting is considered desirable and needs to carefully regulated and monitored. Policy options (iv) to (vi) are applicable to situations where illegal hunting needs to be controlled or where hunting pressure needs to be reduced. Simplifying the process to become an officially registered subsistence hunter Brazil is famous for its complex bureaucracy, and any changes in hunting legislation would ideally be accompanied by a streamlining of legal processes. An obvious starting point would be to simplify the procedure to become a subsistence hunter and to clearly define the criteria (e.g. minimum body size, hunting seasons, sustainable quotas, etc.) to limit overexploitation and defaunation. Of course, establishing more rigorous criteria for subsistence hunting may not completely reduce human pressure, though it could considerably improve monitoring and may generate a small amount of funds and information about species biology and population dynamics. Considering the mega-biodiverse status of Brazil, suitable data should be gathered for target species, habitats and biomes (i.e. Amazon, Pantanal, Atlantic rainforest). An example of the type of data needed was documented by Jerozolimski and Peres (2003), who showed that mammal species above about 6.5 kg are the preferred quarry of subsistence hunters in neotropical forests of the Southern Amazon. Similarly, Parry et al. (2009) demonstrated that subsistence hunters of Brazilian Amazon preferred primary forest because requiring the lowest catch-per-unit-effort and allowing other traditional extractive activities. Although this may translate into greater pressure on many large vertebrates, regulating such subsistence hunting in primary forests may help contain large-scale deforestation by requiring a greater integration with other conservation and land-use policies (e.g. Forest Code, Protected Areas planning, etc.). There may also be lack of institutional flexibility making it difficult to drive through changes that challenge long established protocols and mind-sets within regulatory bodies such as the Brazilian Institute for the Environment (IBAMA). Following a broader decentralization process (since 2011), legal responsibility for surveillance and enforcement of administrative penalties involving flora, fauna and environmental licensing has been transferred from federal (IBAMA) to state and municipal environmental agencies (Lei Complementar 140). Considering the uneven institutional capacity across the country (see for example Sánchez, 2013, Malhado et al., 2017), several states and/or municipalities may be not prepared to implement an enforcement system for controlling hunting due to local political pressures, corruption and technical and financial constraints. In this context, a blanket loosening hunting legislation across the country would be impractical. Moreover, given Brazil's drawn-out economic crisis and the bleak prognosis for economic growth in the medium term, the more likely scenario is that federal and state budgets will be frozen or even reduced, further depleting resources for monitoring and enforcement. Expanding participation in licensing schemes If hunting is legalized in Brazil – as proposed by some political projects – one of the main challenges will be to create a system of licencing of sites and individuals. Such schemes are extremely effective for improving monitoring and may also provide considerable income for conservation and wildlife management. For example, a quantitative study from the United States estimated that in 2011 hunters spent $796 million on licenses and permits, and that state and provincial agencies were able to invest this money to restore and manage wildlife and habitats, monitor and study populations, maintain access to lands for public recreation, build shooting ranges, and support hunter education programmes (Arnett and Southwick, 2015). Nevertheless, the feasibility of expanding licensing schemes for sport hunting in Brazil will depend upon the size of the market and, specifically, whether it would be large enough to generate significant income for management and conservation (Roper, 2006). Lack of institutional capacity (see above) may be also critical to ensure effective enforcement and control. Another potential challenge to expanding licensed hunting in Brazil is that private hunting reserves require a high social acceptability, and would therefore be restricted to regions where recreational hunting already has high levels of public support (e.g. the southern states of Brazil). In this context, developing ethical codes regulating recreational hunting behaviours could both increase the social legitimacy of sport hunting and establish a set of behavioural norms for Brazilian hunters. Expanding participation in licenced hunting could also be achieved by coupling hunting with tourism, a strategy that has sometimes been effective in southern Africa (Di Minin et al., 2016, Naidoo et al., 2016) where big game animals are a sufficiently strong draw to attract foreign tourists. However, such schemes typically have a weak impact on illegal hunting (Mateo-Tomás et al., 2015) and in many developing countries they are often linked to corrupt practices (Leader-Williams et al., 2009). Also, the lack of social and ecological data in Brazil means that prioritizing areas for implementation of such schemes would not be straightforward. A good starting point would be to identify regions where high recreational hunting value species occur (cf. Correia et al., 2016) and where ecotourism enterprises are already well-established (e.g. the Pantanal). Pilot areas could then be identified among PAs designated for sustainable use, such as Extractive Reserves (Reservas Extrativistas). In Zambia, similar types of areas have been shown to be more profitable for trophy hunting, while also acting as “wildlife sources” for restocking game populations (Naughton-Treves et al., 2005). Another area where licencing could be expanded with potentially positive consequences for conservation is hunting to control invasive species, especially given the widespread presence of non-native species in otherwise conserved areas (Pedrosa et al., 2015, Sampaio and Schmidt, 2014). However, if hunting is to be considered as an acceptable strategy for controlling invasive species, public attitudes may need to be seriously considered. Hunting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) has been introduced in South Brazil for population control and it is regulated by a National Plan (Plano nacional de prevenção, controle e monitoramento do Javali no Brasil). However, there are strongly divergent opinions on this practice. In the Pantanal, local people value pig hunting as a highly traditional activity, and seem to prefer hunting feral pigs with positive consequences for native wildlife (Desbiez et al., 2011, Harris et al., 2005). However, in other regions of southern Brazil (e.g. São Paulo State) wild pig hunting has already been banned, and its return is very unlikely in the face of pressure from animal rights activists. In this case, demonstrating the benefits of hunting for controlling wildlife populations and protecting native wildlife may be not enough to increase public acceptability and additional measures such as the development of ethical hunting codes that address the concerns of local citizens may also be required. Expanding participation in licensing schemes would greatly facilitate monitoring. Despite the requirement of Brazilian Wildlife Protection Law for collecting data on population dynamics and monitoring wildlife to establish sustainable wildlife management practices, scientific information is very patchy for potential target species (Roper, 2006). It is possible that local and traditional knowledge about key species could be combined with scientific data to reduce this shortfall (see Van Holt et al., 2010), though this would create a new set of challenges. Moreover, increasing participation in licenced schemes would, in isolation, be insufficient to effectively control hunting pressure. To do this, a more comprehensive approach would be required that carefully demarcated licensed hunting areas, invested in enforcement and, where appropriate, introduced bag limits and off-seasons according to the specific characteristics of each biome and its wildlife populations. Linking hunting to community-based wildlife management programmes Another potential approach to regulate hunting is by closely linking the practice to well-designed community-based wildlife management programmes (Campos-Silva and Peres, 2016). There have been several successful examples of sustainable use and population recovery of aquatic megafauna in the Amazon adopting a community-based management approach, notably the recovery of the giant Arapaima which was almost extinct in many Amazon floodplains (Castello et al., 2009, Petersen et al., 2016) and the associated increase in many other overexploited freshwater species with natural and economic value (Arantes and Freitas, 2016). Besides its clear conservation value, this management scheme has also proven effective in alleviating poverty, improving welfare, social security and social capital of local communities (Campos-Silva and Peres, 2016). Similar schemes that directly involve local communities could potentially be implemented and tested for the management of game species in other Brazilian biomes, especially where the presence of indigenous people and traditional communities is still high (e.g. Pantanal). Introducing alternative livelihoods in areas with high levels of illegal subsistence hunting The above proposals are based on the proposition that the best way to control hunting is to officially recognize it as a legitimate practice and to adaptively control it through regulation and monitoring. However, in many parts of Brazil it may be both socially desirable and environmentally preferable to focus on reducing hunting pressure (legal and illegal). An obvious way to do this is to address the ultimate drivers of subsistence hunting, such as rural poverty. Poor people in rural areas of developing countries often bear the main costs of conservation initiatives, both directly in terms of unfair distribution of benefits and indirectly from the opportunity cost of land and resource uses foregone (Roe and Elliott, 2006). Living with wildlife often represents a further threat to their lives and livelihoods (e.g. crop destruction, disease risks and livestock predation) (Spiteri and Nepal, 2008). This is part of the rationale for integrating poverty reduction goals into conservation policies in many developing countries through strategies such as pro-poor wildlife tourism, community based wildlife management, sustainable ‘bush-meat’ management, pro-poor conservation, and integrated conservation and development projects. African countries have been particularly targeted by projects aiming at introducing alternative livelihoods for reducing the dependence of local communities on natural resources and bush-meat. Nevertheless, information on the general success of such projects on illegal hunting is very limited and narrow (SCBD, 2011), with success largely dependent on specific institutional, ecological and developmental conditions (Adams et al., 2004, Sanderson and Redford, 2004). A feasible starting point for assessing alternative livelihood policy options in Brazil would be to conduct pilot studies and test alternative schemes. Such a strategy would require, as a pre-requisite, detailed information on the socioeconomic drivers of hunting and bush-meat consumption in key areas and regions. For example, recent studies based on interviews with hunters and local people in Northeast Brazil showed that hunted species included mammals for bush-meat, birds for pets and commerce and reptiles for zootherapy and control hunting (Alves et al., 2012, de Souza and Alves, 2014, Fernandes-Ferreira et al., 2012, Pereira and Schiavetti, 2010). In similar context, promoting small-scale projects close to wildlife areas to integrate family income through, for example, honey production, crafts production, nurseries and food-crop production has been demonstrated a successful alternative to alleviate hunting pressures and diminish food insecurity (Lindsey et al., 2013). Another option aimed at alleviating poverty and reducing bush-meat hunting is the adoption of a local business-based approach such as the Community Markets for Conservation project (COMACO) developed with local communities surrounding national parks in Zambia (Lewis et al., 2011). COMACO creates networks of rural trading, training targeted households (the least food-secure people and illegal wildlife poachers) in sustainable agricultural practices and rewarding them with premium prices for their produce, turning it into high-value food products which a social enterprise sold across the country. Such a model could be tested, for example, in areas surrounding natural reserves in Northeast Brazil where there is the greatest pressure on wildlife and where there are low levels of food security due to the extreme climatic conditions and the high levels of social acceptability towards exploitative illegal activities (Bragagnolo et al., 2017a, Bragagnolo et al., 2017b). Modifying hunting supply chains through substitution Another way to reduce hunting pressure is to remove some of the financial incentives for hunting and wildlife trade by modifying supply chains. There is good evidence from other parts of the world that captive breeding can reduce the demand for wild caught birds (Jepson and Ladle, 2005, Jepson and Ladle, 2009). However, breeding expertise takes time to build up and may be slow to generate economic returns. Moreover, the existence of a black market (in wild-caught birds, for example) could undermine new business ventures. Although captive breeding or ranching is unlikely to work for popular Brazilian bush-meat species such as armadillos, it may be viable for species such as the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) where there is both global expertise and an abundance of successful and economically viable interventions on closely related species (Gelabert et al., 2017, Nickum et al., 2018). Finally, there may be considerable bureaucratic hurdles that need to be overcome – Nogueira and Nogueira-Filho (2011) highlight the potential difficulties involved in engaging governmental and/or non-governmental agencies to support the captive rearing of peccaries in the neotropics. Changing cultural attitudes to hunting A more ambitious and potentially far-reaching approach to Brazil's hunting problem would be to change the culture of illegal hunting in rural Brazil through education and social marketing campaigns. While education-based interventions are more effective in changing opinions of unformed people or individuals with scarce knowledge about conservation (Leisher et al., 2012), social marketing campaigns could primarily play a key role and driving changes on individual behaviours when social norms and taboo are critical behavioural drivers (Veríssimo et al., 2012). The high levels of smart phone use and internet coverage in Brazil mean that there are ample opportunities for public outreach through social networks and judicious use of celebrity endorsements. There is also scope for aligning anti-hunting campaigns with more visible public concerns, especially related to diet and health (Challender and MacMillan, 2014). For example, recent studies in Vietnam advocate the use of customer-target campaigns as a long-term strategy to deter wild products consumption and trade (Drury, 2011, Shairp et al., 2016). The recent mosquito-borne zika and yellow fever outbreaks have sensitized the Brazilian public to the dangers of animal-borne diseases. The threat of zoonoses such as Leprosy (potentially caught from armadillos and monkeys), Chagas disease (armadillos), psittacosis (macaws) and leptospirosis (wide variety of mammals) could potentially be used to illustrate the public health dangers associated with the handling and eating of wild birds and mammals (Gruber, 2017). At the same time citizens should be further informed and became more aware about the environmental impact of intensive livestock production since changes in animal product consumption (wildlife meat vs. industrial livestock products) may have harmful consequences on the environment, ultimately contributing, for example, to increase deforestation and water consumption (Abbasi and Abbasi, 2016). Conclusions Debating an issue such as hunting in Brazil will be not straightforward until we have accurate data on its prevalence, and geographic and temporal trends and we understand why people are hunting. Nevertheless, there are several general principles that can be immediately applied. Firstly, due to its continental size and diversity, wildlife management and hunting in Brazil needs to be geographically and social-context specific (e.g. bird trapping for the cage bird trade in northeast Brazil, jaguar hunting by farmers in the Pantanal and Amazon, armadillo hunting for food in the Cerrado). Secondly, different types of hunting need to be clearly defined, assessed and regulated according to context, evaluating likely threats and considering different policy options (see Table 1). Finally, the gap between scientific evidence and policy decisions should be closed (see Azevedo-Santos et al., 2017), including the political will to develop legal instruments integrating different policy sectors (e.g. establishing some experimental management programmes in protected areas, assessing the environmental effects of social and poverty alleviation policies, establishing land-use based strategies, etc.). Achieving any of these actions requires increased investment in research and the generation of evidence-based support for effective managing wildlife. More efforts are also required for promoting education and human conservation management, assessing the sociocultural viability of legal hunting and identifying the social value of native species and biomes, by incorporating human dimensions into wildlife management. Finally, appropriate policy options unquestionably require being broadly and democratically debated and decided, avoiding top-down bureaucratic approaches and political manoeuvres using pseudoscientific promises to please privileged lobbies and/or deliver short-term mandates.

Post: 15 May 22:13

Driven Hunts in South Africa: A Hunter's Guide South Africa's diverse landscapes and abundant wildlife make it a prime destination for hunters worldwide. While spot-and-

Driven Hunts in South Africa: A Hunter's Guide South Africa's diverse landscapes and abundant wildlife make it a prime destination for hunters worldwide. While spot-and-stalk methods are popular, driven hunts offer a different kind of adrenaline rush, testing your reflexes and shooting skills. What is a Driven Hunt? In a driven hunt, beaters (often local trackers) move through a designated area, pushing animals toward a line of strategically positioned hunters. This creates fast-paced shooting opportunities as animals break cover. Common Quarry Impala: A staple of South African hunting, known for its agility and alertness. Wildebeest: Both blue and black wildebeest are common targets, offering a challenging shot due to their size and speed. Blesbok: A medium-sized antelope with a distinctive white blaze on its face. Kudu: While often hunted via spot-and-stalk, kudu can also be taken in driven hunts, requiring quick target acquisition. Bush Pig: A challenging quarry because of their nocturnal behavior. Other: Depending on the region, you might also encounter warthog, eland, or even smaller game like duiker. Season The hunting season in South Africa typically runs from May to September, coinciding with the drier, cooler months. This period offers better visibility and more comfortable hunting conditions. Tactics and Firearms Positioning: Hunters are typically stationed in elevated blinds or on the ground along game trails. Shooting: Quick target acquisition and accurate shot placement are crucial. Expect fast-moving targets at varying distances. Firearms: Rifles: Bolt-action rifles in calibers like .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield, or 7x64 are well-suited for most game. Shotguns: Shotguns are best for the driven hunt. Use buckshot for close-range shots on smaller game. Where to Hunt Limpopo Province: Known for its diverse game populations and professional hunting outfitters. Eastern Cape: Offers a mix of terrain and a variety of huntable species. North West Province: A popular destination with a good infrastructure for hunting tourism. Cost Considerations Driven hunts are typically priced per day or per animal. Expect to pay: Daily Rates: R1000-R5000 per hunter per day Trophy Fees: Vary significantly depending on the species and size of the animal. Trophy Handling Your outfitter will typically handle the skinning, salting, and initial preparation of your trophies. You can then choose to have them mounted locally or shipped to your home country for mounting. Important Considerations Fitness: Be prepared for some walking, especially when moving between hunting locations. Regulations: Ensure you are familiar with South African hunting regulations and have the necessary permits. Outfitter Selection: Choose a reputable outfitter with experience in driven hunts. Safety: Always follow your guide's instructions and prioritize safe gun handling practices. Driven hunts in South Africa offer a thrilling and memorable hunting experience. With careful planning and the right preparation, you can increase your chances of success and create lasting memories. https://m.uh.app/news/elephant-hunting-in-botswana-a-hunters-guide-botswana-known-for-its_ZveaUPRiEe-Oxo9gynE2Kg

Post: 27 February 19:57

Fortuna 50L3S Thermal Scope Review Having used the Fortuna 50L3S thermal scope over the past few months, I feel equipped to offer a detailed review that encompasses bot

Fortuna 50L3S Thermal Scope Review Having used the Fortuna 50L3S thermal scope over the past few months, I feel equipped to offer a detailed review that encompasses both its strengths and weaknesses. Pros: Excellent Image Clarity: One of the standout features of the Fortuna 50L3S is its impressive image quality. The thermal resolution is quite high, providing sharp and clear imagery even in low-light conditions. This has significantly enhanced my ability to identify targets at greater distances, making it ideal for both hunting and surveillance applications. User-Friendly Interface: The setup process was straightforward, and the user interface is intuitive. Navigating through the various settings and modes is seamless, allowing even beginners to get accustomed to it quickly. Durability: The build quality is robust and designed to withstand rough handling and adverse weather. This level of durability assures me that I can rely on the scope in challenging conditions, whether it's heavy rain or extreme cold. Multiple Reticle Options: The availability of various reticle styles and colors is a thoughtful feature. It allows users to customize their shooting experience based on personal preferences and environmental factors, enhancing targeting precision. Battery Life: The battery life is commendable; I have yet to experience unexpected shutdowns during extended use. This reliability is crucial, especially during night hunts or prolonged activities. Cons: Price Point: One of the primary drawbacks of the Fortuna 50L3S is its cost. It is on the higher end of the thermal scope market, which may not be justifiable for casual users or those on a tight budget. This could limit its accessibility to a broader audience. Weight: While the scope is built robustly, it does add noticeable weight to the rifle. For extended hunts, this can become cumbersome and may require additional consideration for those who opt for lighter setups. Limited Field of View: While the zoom capabilities are impressive, the field of view can feel somewhat restrictive, particularly at higher magnifications. This can make it challenging to track moving targets effectively. Adjustment Lag: A minor complaint is that there can be a slight delay when adjusting settings or switching modes. This is not a dealbreaker, but it might be inconvenient in fast-paced situations where quick changes are necessary. Learning Curve for Advanced Features: While the basic interface is user-friendly, some of the advanced features can be complicated to master. Users who wish to utilize all the capabilities might need to spend additional time understanding the manual or experimenting with settings. Conclusion: Overall, the Fortuna 50L3S thermal scope is a powerful tool packed with impressive features that cater to serious users. Its excellent image quality, durability, and user-friendly design are significant advantages that can enhance your shooting experience. #Fortuna50L3S #ThermalScope #Hunt

Post: 17 December 21:29

🦌 Top Hunting Tips & Tricks for a Successful Season! 🦌 Hey hunters! Whether you’re a seasoned pro or just starting out, these tips will help you make the most of your

🦌 Top Hunting Tips & Tricks for a Successful Season! 🦌 Hey hunters! Whether you’re a seasoned pro or just starting out, these tips will help you make the most of your hunting adventures: 1. Know Your Area: Scout your hunting grounds before the season starts. Look for signs of animal activity and plan your spots accordingly. 2. Play the Wind: Always hunt with the wind in your favor to avoid being detected by your scent. 3. Stay Quiet: Move slowly and quietly. Animals have keen senses and can detect even the slightest noise. 4. Use the Right Gear: Make sure your equipment is in top shape. Practice with your bow or rifle to ensure accuracy. 5. Scent Control: Use scent-free soaps and sprays to minimize your scent. Deer have an incredible sense of smell! 6. Be Patient: Hunting requires patience. Stay still and be ready to wait for the perfect shot. 7. Safety First: Always follow safety guidelines. Wear blaze orange during firearm seasons and let someone know your hunting plans. Happy hunting and stay safe out there! 🏹🌲

Post: 12 September 17:02

🌿 Protect Our Wildlife: Ethical Hunting Matters 🌿 Hunting has a long tradition and can play a crucial role in wildlife conservation when done ethically. Let’s ensure ou

🌿 Protect Our Wildlife: Ethical Hunting Matters 🌿 Hunting has a long tradition and can play a crucial role in wildlife conservation when done ethically. Let’s ensure our actions today protect the wildlife for future generations. 🦌🦅 🔸 Respect the Hunt: Always follow local regulations and guidelines. Ethical hunting means respecting the animals and their habitats. 🔸 Conservation Efforts: Did you know that responsible hunting contributes to conservation funds? These funds help maintain healthy wildlife populations and habitats. 🔸 Educate and Advocate: Share your knowledge about ethical hunting practices and the importance of wildlife protection. Together, we can make a difference. 🔸 Leave No Trace: Always clean up after yourself. Protect the environment by leaving it better than you found it. Join us in promoting ethical hunting and wildlife conservation. Let’s be stewards of the land and protectors of our precious wildlife. 🌍💚

Post: 9 September 17:14

Just back from a week photographing the Bighorn Sheep rut. Fortunate to locate this fellow. I have photographed him several times over the years. Always happy to see he m

Just back from a week photographing the Bighorn Sheep rut. Fortunate to locate this fellow. I have photographed him several times over the years. Always happy to see he made it through another year. The battle scars on his majestic horns stand as a testament to the resilience of a warrior who has navigated the precipitous cliffs and harsh landscapes, emerging triumphant time and again. This photograph immortalizes a living legend, a symbol of endurance and fortitude amidst the unforgiving wilderness, where only the strongest endure. Blue Skies. (Canon R3/400mm 2.8 III/1600th/f3.2/ISO 125/+1)

Post: 19 December 17:58

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