Ethiopia’s SIMIEN MOUNTAINS Hunting Seasons: Dates, Licensing and Hunting Practices, Restrictions and Bans

Hunting in the Simien Mountains is a unique experience that combines natural beauty, cultural traditions, and strict regulations. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is known for its rich wildlife and diverse landscapes. However, hunting activities are tightly controlled by the state to preserve ecosystems and protect endangered species. Hunting Rules and Seasons in the Simien Mountains, Climate and Historical Changes In Ethiopia, as in many African countries, the hunting season is regulated by governmental bodies responsible for wildlife conservation. In the Simien Mountains region, the main hunting season runs from April to June and from September to November. These months coincide with dry seasons when animals are more likely to gather around water sources, and movement across the rugged terrain becomes more manageable. The region's climate — sharp elevation changes (from 1,500 to 4,500 meters above sea level), frequent rains during the rainy season (July–August), and cold nights in winter — affects animal activity and thus influences hunting opportunities. Unlike other regions of Ethiopia, such as the southern plains where hunting is possible year-round, hunting in the Simeons is strictly limited. Over the past decades, there has been an increase in control over hunting practices. After a series of environmental reforms in the early 2000s, new rules were introduced banning hunting of several endemic species and limiting the number of animals that can be hunted. Seasonality of Hunting, Times for Hunting and Animal Behavior Features The hunting year in the Simien Mountains is divided into two main seasons: Spring Season (April–June) — a time when animals are active after the rainy period. Hunting large game, such as Walia ibex and gazelles, is especially productive. Autumn Season (September–November) — the most popular among professionals. The temperature stabilizes, grass dries out, making it easier to spot animals. This period coincides with the mating season for some species, making them more vulnerable. Differences between seasons also depend on the type of game: Large game (e.g., Bäla sheep or Walia ibex) is most active early morning and evening during autumn months. Small game (such as bustards, pheasants, and other birds) is more accessible in spring, particularly in foothill areas. The best times for animal activity are dawn and dusk. Experienced hunters recommend using these hours for tracking. Regional hunting festivals are held in September and October, often combined with educational programs on nature conservation and regional cultural heritage. Restrictions and Bans, Protecting Nature and Ethical Standards State measures for wildlife protection include: A ban on shooting females and young of most species; A complete ban on hunting endemic and endangered species such as Gelada baboons and Bäla ibex; Temporary restrictions: hunting is completely prohibited in July and August due to the breeding season of most mammals. These rules are aimed not only at preserving animal populations but also at attracting observer-tourists, which is economically more beneficial than uncontrolled hunting. Hunting License in the Simien Mountains, Documents, Organizations and Costs To obtain a hunting permit, you must: Contact the Ethiopian Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Development; Obtain a recommendation from one of the accredited hunting clubs, such as the Ethiopian Safari Club; Submit an application indicating the purpose of the hunt, dates, and desired species; Pay the licensing fee (cost depends on the animal species and duration of the trip). Foreigners are required to have an experienced guide and firearms inspector accompany them. The license must be obtained at least 30 days before the start of the season. Penalties for Violating Hunting Seasons, Fines and Legal Consequences Violations of hunting rules in the Simien Mountains are strictly enforced. Penalties include: Fines ranging from $500 to $5,000 for illegal hunting; Confiscation of weapons and equipment; Possible prison sentence for repeated violations or shooting protected species. Inspections are carried out by park service staff and police under national law. Tips for Hunting Preparation, Choosing Time, Location, Gear and Tactics Successful hunting in the Simien Mountains requires detailed preparation: Time selection: The best period is September–October. At this time, the temperature is comfortable, and the game is most accessible. Location selection: Preference should be given to lower mountain slopes where game concentration is higher. Areas near water sources are especially productive. Equipment: Due to elevation changes and sudden weather changes, it is important to bring layered clothing, sturdy shoes, and optics with at least 10x magnification. Tactics: Using camouflaged shelters and patient waiting is key. Also effective are predator-hunting techniques using sound simulators. When planning a trip, it is recommended to contact local guides who are familiar with animal behavior and can ensure safety.