Ethiopia, BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ Region: Hunting Periods, Licenses, Rules, Bans, and Protected Species of Hunting

Hunting in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of western Ethiopia attracts both local and international hunters due to its rich biodiversity and unique natural conditions. However, legal and successful hunting requires a clear understanding of regional laws, seasonal patterns, and preparation. Hunting Regulations and Seasonal Timing in Benishangul-Gumuz The hunting season in Benishangul-Gumuz is regulated by Ethiopia’s Ministry of Agriculture and the regional wildlife authorities. The main hunting period begins after the rainy season — usually from September to October , when animals gather near water sources, making them easier to locate. The season typically ends in March, before the next rainy cycle begins. The region's tropical climate significantly affects hunting schedules. High temperatures and humidity influence animal behavior and terrain accessibility. Compared to neighboring regions like Amhara or Oromia, the hunting season in Benishangul-Gumuz often starts slightly earlier due to faster drying of land after rains. In recent years, hunting regulations have become stricter. Penalties for poaching have increased, and temporary bans on hunting certain species during breeding periods have been introduced. Hunting Seasons and Optimal Times for Game Seasonal division in the region is clearly defined: Dry season (September–April) — primary hunting season Rainy season (May–August) — hunting is restricted due to poor access Large game such as buffalo, antelope, and baboons are most active during early morning and evening hours. Birds are best hunted at dawn and dusk. Small game like wild hares and francolins remain active year-round but are easiest to hunt at the start of the dry season. Local hunters highlight two peak activity times: Early morning (6:00–9:00) Late afternoon (16:00–18:30) Traditional hunting festivals held in autumn also offer cultural experiences and opportunities to learn about updated rules and practices. Restrictions, Bans, and Protected Species Ethiopia enforces strict hunting restrictions, especially for endangered species. In Benishangul-Gumuz, it is illegal to hunt: Rhinoceroses, Elephants, Lions, Certain monkey species. Additional restrictions include: Prohibition on hunting females with young. Restrictions on hunting juvenile animals, particularly antelopes. Temporary bans are imposed during breeding seasons, which can last from one to three months depending on the species. For example, hunting waterfowl is prohibited from January to April. Hunting Permit in Benishangul-Gumuz To legally hunt in the region, applicants must contact the regional wildlife authority or work through an accredited hunting club . Foreign hunters are required to operate through licensed guides. The application process includes: Submitting a purpose statement, Providing proof of medical insurance, Declaring firearms to be used, Paying government fees and licensing costs. License costs vary: Local residents: 500–2,000 birr and Foreigners: $100–$500 per season. Organizations like the Ethiopian Hunting Association assist with permits and tour organization. Penalties for Violating Hunting Seasons and Rules Illegal hunting in the region carries serious consequences. Offenders may face: Fines ranging from $500 to $5,000, Confiscation of weapons and gear, Criminal prosecution. Repeat offenders may face additional penalties, including entry bans for foreign hunters. Tips for Preparation: Choosing Time, Location, and Gear Timing and location depend on the target species. For instance: Large game (buffalo, antelope) is best hunted during dry weather near rivers and waterholes Small game and birds require blinds and feathered drives Recommended equipment includes: Durable, moisture-resistant camouflage, Medium to large caliber firearms, Compass, GPS, and communication devices, First aid kit and sufficient water supply. Stalking and driven hunts are the most effective methods. Working with local guides familiar with animal behavior and terrain is highly recommended.