Seasons of Hunting in Ethiopia’s OROMIA Region: Hunting Periods, Openings and Closings, Licenses, Rules, and the Dates for Hunting

Hunting in Ethiopia is not only a means of obtaining food or a sport but also a cultural tradition—especially in a large and diverse region like Oromia. It spans vast territories, from mountain ranges to savannahs and tropical forests, making it attractive to hunters from around the world. However, to legally and safely engage in hunting, one must adhere to established schedules, rules, and obtain the necessary documentation. Hunting Rules and Periods in Oromia, Basics and Nuances In the Oromia region, the hunting year is conditionally divided into two main periods: the open hunting season and the closed season , when any hunting is strictly restricted. The hunting season usually lasts from September to March , which is linked to favorable climatic conditions and animal life cycles. Winter months (in local terms—the dry season) are considered the most suitable for traveling through rough terrain and tracking animals. Dates are set by the Ethiopian Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, based on recommendations from regional environmental services. Decisions are made annually and published in advance so that hunters can plan their trips. Climatic and geographical features influence the exact timing. For example, in the southern parts of Oromia, where temperatures are milder and rains start later, the season may open slightly earlier than in the more arid northern areas. Compared to neighboring regions such as Amhara or Somali, seasons in Oromia differ. In Amhara, the season is usually shorter due to more pronounced rainy periods, while in Somali, hunting is possible all year round, though with certain restrictions. In recent years, there has been increased control over hunting schedules. In 2018, a new law on biodiversity conservation was adopted, introducing changes to licensing rules and extending the closed season for some species. Seasonal Features of Hunting in Ethiopia’s Oromia The hunting year in Oromia is divided into several key phases. Early Season (September–October) – this is the time when animals become active after the rainy season; grass is still high, but game already moves into open spaces. Peak Period (November–January) – the best time to hunt large game: antelopes, buffaloes, and wild boars become more accessible. This is also the time for hunting tours and events. Late Season (February–March) – hunting for small game (birds, foxes, jackals), as large animals retreat deeper into the forest. Hunting varies by species. Large game (elephant, rhino, buffalo) hunting is allowed exclusively in specialized hunting farms and requires a special license. For small game (rabbits, bustards, pheasants), restrictions are lighter but still regulated by time frames. Animal activity depends on the time of day and weather. Most species are most active early in the morning and in the evening. Hunting festivals are held in November and February—they combine sports competitions, weapon exhibitions, and cultural events. Restrictions and Bans in Ethiopia’s Oromia Region Strict rules are in place in the region aimed at preserving animal populations. Age and sex restrictions : it is prohibited to hunt females with offspring, as well as young animals before they reach sexual maturity (e.g., for antelopes—under 1 year). Protected species : these include the black rhino, African gorilla, and certain bird species (golden eagle, osprey). Shooting them carries criminal liability. Temporary bans : imposed during breeding periods, usually from April to August. Violation of these rules may result in license revocation and fines. Some areas are completely closed to hunting—for example, national parks and reserves such as the Bale Gorgora National Park , where hunting is banned year-round. Hunting License in Oromia, Step by Step To legally hunt in the region, you need to obtain the appropriate license. The process includes the following steps: Contact the regional forestry and wildlife authority (Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise). Submit documents : Copy of passport Proof of hunting experience (for foreigners) Travel medical insurance Weapon documentation (if applicable) Choose a license type : One-time Seasonal Group (for organized tours) Most foreign hunters interact through local hunting clubs or tour operators , who assist with permit applications, organize logistics, and provide guidance. The cost of a license varies from $50 to $500 depending on the type of game and duration. Penalties for Violating Hunting Regulations Violations of hunting dates, shooting prohibited species, or hunting without a license in the Oromia region are taken seriously. Penalties may include: Fines ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 birr (approximately $200–$2,000), Confiscation of weapons and property, Loss of the right to obtain a license for 1 to 5 years, Criminal prosecution for killing protected species. Local authorities cooperate with international wildlife protection organizations, so violators may be entered into international databases. Tips for Hunters, When, Where, and How to Hunt in Oromia Choosing the right time and place plays a key role in successful hunting. Here are some tips: Best months : November–January — stable weather, good visibility, high animal activity. Hunting areas : Southern plateaus — for antelopes and boars, Bale forests — for large game, Lakeside zones — for waterfowl. Equipment : Sturdy boots and camouflage matching local colors, Binoculars and rangefinder, Rifles no less than .30-06 caliber for large game. Tactics : Silent stalking in the morning hours, Use of lures during dry periods, Boat hunting on lakes in March. Take into account weather conditions and the knowledge of local guides—this will greatly increase the effectiveness of your trip.