Hunting Seasons in the HARARI Region, Ethiopia: Regulations, Permits, and Time for Hunting, Documents and Organizations

Main Dates and Nature Features of Harari Region The Harari region of Ethiopia is a unique territory with diverse landscapes—from savannahs to mountain ranges—shaping its hunting seasons. The main hunting season typically opens in mid-November and closes by the end of March. These dates are largely dictated by the region’s climate: during this dry period, rainfall decreases, and animals gather more frequently around water sources, making them easier to locate. Rules and dates are regulated by Ethiopia's Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, as well as local wildlife management authorities. Each year, the schedule is reviewed based on ecological conditions, animal population levels, and international biodiversity conservation agreements. Unlike neighboring regions such as Amhara or Oromia, where hunting seasons can be extended due to different weather patterns, hunting in Harari is strictly tied to the dry season. Over the past decade, there has been a tightening of enforcement around hunting periods, reflecting the government's efforts to combat poaching and protect wildlife populations. Seasonal Differences in Hunting of Harari Region In the Harari region, two main hunting periods are recognized — the "main" and "minor" seasons. The main season, as previously mentioned, runs from November to March. During this time, large game such as antelopes, Nile crocodiles, African wild dogs, and even lions are most active. Small game — including pheasants, quails, and other birds — is available mainly at the beginning and end of this period, when they are not in nesting season. The best times for hunting are early mornings and evenings, when animals are most active. Peak activity occurs between December and January, when temperatures are relatively mild and grass cover is low, improving visibility of prey. Additionally, the region hosts traditional hunting events, such as the annual "Harari Trophy Festival," which gathers professionals from across the country and neighboring countries. However, these events are primarily cultural rather than sporting and do not involve mass hunting. Restrictions and Prohibitions, Protected Species and Legal Limits To preserve ecosystems, strict restrictions apply in the region. It is prohibited to hunt female animals, especially those that are pregnant or accompanied by offspring. Age-based restrictions also exist — young and elderly individuals must be released unharmed. Among fully protected species in Harari are the black rhinoceros, African elephant, and certain bird species listed in the Red Book. Hunting these animals is punishable by criminal liability. There is also a temporary ban on hunting during the breeding season of most animals — from April to October. During this period, all forms of hunting are strictly prohibited, except for scientific and controlled activities. Hunting Permit in Harari, Documents and Organizations Foreign hunters wishing to hunt in the Harari region must obtain a special permit through the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority. The process involves submitting a passport, medical insurance, proof of hunting experience, and recommendations from national or international hunting clubs. Many hunters prefer to work through licensed hunting organizations, such as Ethiopian Safari Hunters or Harari Hunting Club, which handle trip organization, permit acquisition, and guided support within hunting grounds. License costs vary depending on the type of game and range from $500 for small game to several thousand dollars for trophy animals like rhinos or buffalos. Consequences of Violating Hunting Rules and Seasons Violating hunting seasons, shooting prohibited species, or hunting without a license carries serious penalties. Fines start at $500 and can reach up to $10,000. In cases of repeat offenses or mass killing, criminal prosecution, deportation, and a lifetime ban on entering the country may follow. Local authorities actively cooperate with international organizations such as CITES, resulting in stricter penalties. Information about violators is shared with databases of international hunting associations, potentially affecting the ability to participate in hunts in other countries. Tips for Hunters for Choosing the Right Time, Location, and Gear Selecting the right time and place for hunting in Harari should consider both seasonality and target species. For large game such as buffalo or kudu antelope, the second month of the season — December — is preferable, when animals are most active and easier to track. Areas near water sources and with sparse vegetation are considered the most productive. Particularly popular are the plateaus near the Juba River and the surroundings of the Harari National Park. As for equipment, rifled firearms of at least .308 Win or .375 H&H Magnum caliber are recommended for large game. Also essential are quality binoculars, thermal scopes, and protective clothing suitable for high temperatures and sandstorms. Hunting tactics depend on the season: early on, tracking by signs and sounds is more effective, while in mid-season, camouflage and waiting near watering holes are preferred. It's important to remember that each day of hunting requires good physical fitness and knowledge of animal behavior.