TIGRAY Region, Ethiopia: Hunting Seasons, Features, Licenses and Current Regulations, Recommendations for Choosing Time and Location

Hunting Seasons in Tigray, Key Periods and Influencing Factors In the Tigray region, hunting seasons are determined by local natural conditions and Ethiopia's national legislation. The main hunting season traditionally runs from April to June and from September to November. These periods are considered most suitable due to moderate weather and animal activity. Regulation is managed by the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife, which reviews the calendar annually based on environmental data. The region's climate — mountainous and semi-arid — significantly affects animal and bird behavior. During hot months, animals retreat to cooler areas, while during rainy seasons, access to certain areas becomes limited. Terrain also plays a role — many cliffs and canyons make some territories inaccessible at certain times of year. Compared to neighboring regions like Amhara or Afar, hunting is allowed in fewer areas in Tigray due to political instability and military restrictions in recent years. This affects both the length of the seasons and license availability. Over the past five years, hunting dates have been adjusted significantly: in 2020–2022, hunting was nearly suspended due to internal conflict. Since 2023, there has been a gradual restoration of the licensing system, though access remains limited. Seasonality of Hunting in Tigray, Game Types and Hunting Times The hunting year in Tigray can be roughly divided into two main seasons: spring-summer (April–June) and autumn (September–November). Each has its own characteristics depending on the type of game. Spring is considered the ideal time for pursuing large game such as bubal (African antelope), Nubian ibex, and various gazelles. During this period, animals are active after the rainy season, and grass is not yet too high, making detection easier. In autumn, small game becomes the focus — wild dogs, jackals, and migratory birds such as ostriches and waterfowl. Weather becomes more comfortable, reducing the risk of heatstroke, especially important when moving through mountainous terrain. Traditional hunting events were held before 2020, such as the "Wildlife Festival" in Mekele area, but currently they remain uncertain due to ongoing restrictions. Hunting Restrictions in Tigray, Protected Species and Seasonal Bans Strict rules apply regarding age and gender restrictions on game. For example, it is prohibited to shoot females and young of large ungulates to preserve animal populations. This applies to species such as African antelope and nyala. Some species are protected by state law and completely excluded from possible hunting. Among them are elephants (rarely found in southern areas), lions, and black rhinos. These animals are under international protection under CITES. There is a temporary ban on hunting during breeding seasons for most animals — typically December–March. During these months, any impact on populations is prohibited, including photo hunting of certain species. A full hunting ban may be imposed in case of worsening military conditions or natural disasters such as droughts or floods. Hunting Permit in Tigray, Documents and Interaction with Organizations Obtaining a hunting permit in Tigray requires strict compliance with procedures. Foreign hunters must contact the Department of Wildlife Conservation under the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture. Required documents: International passport; Proof of hunting experience (reference or recommendation); Travel insurance covering emergencies; Application specifying target species and hunting area. Often, hunters work through local hunting clubs, such as the Tigray Hunting Association, which assist with document processing, guide provision, and camp organization. Permits can be seasonal (up to 90 days) or single-use. Cost depends on species and duration of stay. It is important to remember: due to the unstable situation in the region, permits may be canceled without notice, so it is advisable to insure travel expenses. Penalties for Violating Hunting Rules in Tigray, Liability and Consequences Violations of hunting schedules, permit conditions, or hunting banned species are punished strictly. Penalties include: Fines ranging from $500 to $5000 depending on the severity of the violation; Confiscation of weapons and equipment; Loss of the right to obtain licenses for up to 5 years; Possible criminal prosecution for killing protected species. Foreign citizens who violate the rules may be deported and placed on a blacklist. Poaching is monitored separately. Additional penalties, including administrative detention, apply for illegal hunting in protected areas or outside the designated season. Recommendations for Choosing Time, Location, and Hunting Tactics in Tigray Successful hunting in Tigray begins with the correct choice of time and place. Autumn (September–November) is best, when the weather is stable and animals are most active. For large game, choose plains near rivers such as Takaze and Maare, where there are many antelopes and gazelles. Equipment should be adapted to mountainous terrain and variable climate. Lightweight rifles in .308 Win or .30-06 Springfield calibers are recommended. Don't forget to bring optical gear, comfortable footwear, and sufficient water supply. Tactics depend on the game type: for large animals, waiting near watering holes works well; for small game, mobile hunting using calls is effective. Hunting with local guides who know animal behavior well is also productive. Camp selection plays a key role. It should be located in a safe place, preferably near animal trails, but outside protected zones. Before departure, always check current military updates and permissions for visiting specific areas.