Seasons of Hunting in Ethiopia’s SOUTHWEST Region: Seasonality, Licenses, and Rules for Successful Hunting, Restrictions and Prohibitions

Key Regulations and Hunting Dates in the Southwest Region Hunting in Ethiopia's Southwest region is not only an exciting pursuit but also a strictly regulated activity governed by climate conditions, wildlife dynamics, and national legislation. The general hunting season traditionally runs from April to June and again from September to November — periods considered most suitable due to stable weather and increased animal activity. These dates are controlled by Ethiopia’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. They may vary annually depending on ecological conditions, animal migration patterns, and recommendations from local hunting organizations. A major influencing factor is the tropical savanna climate of the region — during the dry season, movement becomes easier and animals are more likely to congregate around water sources, increasing the chances of successful hunts. Compared to neighboring regions such as the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR), the Southwest has slightly more lenient hunting dates, largely due to fewer protected areas and specific fauna characteristics. Over the past five years, there has been a trend toward shortening the hunting season for large game to prevent overharvesting of rare species. Hunting Seasonality in Ethiopia’s Southwest Region The Southwest region recognizes two main hunting seasons: spring-summer (April–June) and autumn (September–November). The first season is particularly popular among big game hunters targeting warthogs and nyala antelopes, as animals become more active after the rainy season ends. The second season is considered ideal for small game and bird hunting. The weather becomes milder, reducing the risk of heat exhaustion, while birds begin to gather in flocks, making them easier to locate. Most animals are most active early in the morning and in the evening when temperatures drop. Each species behaves differently. For example, rhinos and elephants are less active during hotter months, so they are best pursued during cooler periods. Bird hunting depends heavily on migratory phases — September and October bring large numbers of migratory birds. Small-scale hunting events are held in the region, mainly for tourists and professional guides. While not mass gatherings, these events offer opportunities to experience local hunting culture and gain valuable insights from experts. Restrictions and Prohibitions of Hunting Ethiopian law strictly controls hunting, especially concerning protected species. Animals such as black rhinos, mountain antelopes, and certain bird species listed in the Red Book are off-limits. There are also restrictions based on age and sex — for instance, females with offspring cannot be hunted at any time of year. Temporary bans apply during breeding seasons. For example, hunting antelopes is prohibited from December to February, which is their calving period. Full hunting bans are enforced in March and August, designated as “hunting pauses” to allow populations to recover. These rules are mandatory, and failure to comply can lead to severe consequences, including license revocation and criminal liability. Hunting Permit in the Southwest Region To legally hunt in the Southwest region, you must obtain a license through the Ministry of Natural Resources or an accredited hunting organization. Foreign hunters must present a passport, medical insurance, a certificate of no criminal record, and proof of safety training. License costs vary depending on the type of game and the number of species permitted. For example, a small-game license costs about $200, while big-game licenses start at $800. Local hunters often receive free or discounted permits. Working with hunting clubs such as the Ethiopian Hunting Association simplifies weapon rental, guide hiring, and access to restricted zones. Membership in such organizations makes trip planning easier and ensures compliance with all legal requirements. Penalties and Consequences for Violating Hunting Regulations Violations of hunting seasons or illegal shooting of protected species carry heavy penalties. Fines range from $500 to $5,000 depending on the severity of the offense. Repeat violations may result in weapon confiscation, administrative detention, or entry bans into the country. Foreigners caught poaching face additional scrutiny from customs and police. If damage is caused to protected areas, civil lawsuits may follow. Therefore, it's crucial to familiarize yourself with current regulations and strictly adhere to them. Tips for Choosing the Right Time, Location, and Gear for Hunting Selecting the right time and place for hunting in the Southwest should consider seasonal variations. The dry season is best, as animals gather near waterholes. Early mornings and evenings are the most productive times for hunting. Gear selection depends on the type of game: powerful rifles like the .375 H&H Magnum are recommended for large animals, while 12-gauge shotguns with appropriate shells work best for birds. Don’t forget camouflage clothing, optics, and communication tools. Hunting tactics also change with the season. In hot months, ambush hunting near watering holes is effective, while in cooler periods, tracking along trails works better. Local guides are experienced in animal behavior and can help choose the most effective strategy.